In utero exposure to tobacco smoke, subsequent cardiometabolic risks, and metabolic syndrome among U.S. adolescents

Stevens, Danielle; Malek, Angela M.; Laggis, Caroline; Hunt, Kelly J.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.06.010

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…And the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KHANES) showed that the prevalence of MetS in Korea had increased from 24.9% to 31.3% between 1998 and 2007 [6]. Genetic susceptibility, smoking, drinking, and the lack of physical activity are widely recognized as important risk factors for MetS [7][8][9][10][11]. In addition, research studies have indicated that undernutrition during early life results in increasing risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity [12][13][14], all of which are the components of MetS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exposure to Famine during Early Life on Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis

Qin

Luo

Gao

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Background. Emerging studies have explored the association between the famine exposure during early life and the risk of the metabolic syndrome, and the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to summarize the famine effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. Materials and Methods. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for relevant studies up to December 2019. Pooled odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effect exposure to famine on MetS using a random-effects model, and the I2 was used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Results. The analyses included 39 studies from 10 articles with a total of 81504 participants. Fourteen studies from 10 articles for fetal famine exposure, 20 studies from 7 articles for childhood famine exposure, and 5 studies from 3 articles for adolescence/adult famine exposure were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with a nonexposed group, famine exposure significantly increased the risk of MetS for early life famine exposure (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38), fetal famine exposure (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.43), and childhood famine exposure (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.44). Subgroup analyses showed that the result was consistent regardless of the study designs, definitions of MetS, and causes of famine, with or without adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Conclusions. This meta-analysis suggests that exposure to famine during early life may increase the risk of MetS in adulthood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exposure to Famine during Early Life on Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis

Qin

Luo

Gao

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…Collectively, these findings suggest that there are different metabolic effects of HTP and ECIG compared to CS, and these effects are independent of nicotine. Smoking is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and smoking cessation reduces this risk [49][50][51].Whether and to what extend HTP and ECIG differ from conventional cigarettes in this respect is still unknown and further preclinical evidence in a whole organism, corroborated by clinical data, is needed to probe this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product on Adipocyte Survival and Differentiation In Vitro

Zagoriti

Mubarak

Farsalinos

et al. 2020

Toxics

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Cigarette smoking (CS) causes significant morbidity worldwide, attributed to the numerous toxicants generated by tobacco combustion. Electronic cigarettes (ECIG) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are considered alternative smoking/vaping products that deliver nicotine through an inhaled aerosol and emit fewer harmful constituents than CS. However, their long-term impacts on human health are not well established. Nicotine exposure has been linked to lipolysis and body weight loss, while smoking has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Enhanced function of beige (thermogenic) adipocytes has been proposed as a means to reduce obesity and metabolic disorders. In this study, we compared the effect of extract-enriched media via exposure of culture medium to CS, HTP aerosol, and ECIG aerosol on the viability and the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes to beige adipocytes. Only CS extract caused a decrease in cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, relative lipid accumulation and expression levels of the adipocyte markers Pgc-1α, Ppar-γ and Resistin were significantly decreased in cells exposed to CS extract. Our results demonstrate that CS extract, in contrast to HTP and ECIG extracts, significantly impairs differentiation of pre-adipocytes to beige adipocytes and may therefore impact significantly adipose tissue metabolic function.

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“…Risk factors for EO-CRC identified to date suggest there may be unique predisposing risk factors which include prenatal exposures such as in utero tobacco and antibiotics that lead to low birthweight infants and potentially upregulation of genes associated with energy utilization and/or methylation ( 15, 16 ); metabolic dysregulation independent of elevated BMI ( 17 ); changes in the gut microbiome associated with C-section delivery and/or early life antibiotic use ( 5 ); sedentary behavior ( 18 ); Western dietary pattern (which includes refined carbohydrates, red/processed meat, and fructose consumption in the form of sugar sweetened beverages; ref. 19 ); as well as various in utero and early life social exposures and adverse childhood experiences (ACES) that drive our stress response, including inflammation and oxidative stress ( 20 ), known hallmarks of cancer ( Fig.…”

Section: Known and Postulated Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Call for Greater Rigor in Epidemiologic Studies

Molmenti

Jacobs

Gupta

et al. 2022

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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The rates of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) have been rising by 0.5% to 2.4% annually for three decades, accounting for an estimated 12% of all colorectal cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2020. Enhancing the rigor and comprehensiveness of the epidemiology in terms of the exposures and prognostic biomarkers is essential if we are to modify risk factors and underlying mechanisms, ultimately arresting this unduly trend. This commentary serves to describe the disease trend, postulate underlying risk factors and mechanisms driving disease incidence, and proposes a call to action for cancer epidemiologists to promote increased and timely opportunities to intervene on this trend.

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In utero exposure to tobacco smoke, subsequent cardiometabolic risks, and metabolic syndrome among U.S. adolescents

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Exposure to Famine during Early Life on Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis

Effect of Exposure to Famine during Early Life on Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis

Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product on Adipocyte Survival and Differentiation In Vitro

Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Call for Greater Rigor in Epidemiologic Studies

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