In utero exposure to parabens and early childhood BMI z-scores – Associations between placental ethyl paraben, longitudinal BMI trajectories and cord blood metabolic biomarkers

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Metabolites Can Pass through the Human Placenta Unimpeded

“…The results can be supported from a laboratory animal study that reported increased activity of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase, AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and STB in mice exposed to IMI. , Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is an enzyme located on the outer surface of liver cells that catalyzes glutathione uptake and participates in intracellular antioxidant defense and pro-oxidant processes. High serum GGT activity is considered to be a biomarker of hepatobiliary toxicity . Positive correlations were also observed between of-IMI and uric acid (UA, β = 0.040 μmol/L, 95%CI: 0.006, −0.074) and urea (β = 0.041 mmol/L, 95%CI: 0.000, 0.081) in MS, similar to that found in exposed rats .…”

“…High serum GGT activity is considered to be a biomarker of hepatobiliary toxicity. 76 Positive correlations were also observed between of-IMI and uric acid (UA, β = 0.040 μmol/L, 95%CI: 0.006, −0.074) and urea (β = 0.041 mmol/L, 95%CI: 0.000, 0.081) in MS, similar to that found in exposed rats. 77 These results suggest that of-IMI is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic.…”

Impact of Paraben Exposure on Adiposity-Related Measures: An Updated Literature Review of Population-Based Studies

“…Biological matrices were collected at various gestational ages, with urine as the predominantly measured biological matrix. A few studies measured paraben concentrations using placentae or amniotic fluid [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The majority of these studies showed that parabens could cross the placental barrier [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

“…A few studies measured paraben concentrations using placentae or amniotic fluid [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The majority of these studies showed that parabens could cross the placental barrier [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Early life exposure to parabens is associated with increases in the gestational weight gain (GWG) rate [ 32 ], changes in height, head, hip, or arm circumference [ 28 , 30 , 33 , 34 ], z-scores of bodyweight [ 35 ], BMI or BMI z-scores [ 31 , 36 , 37 ], and overweight status in early childhood [ 38 ], although the direction of associations depends on the type of parabens and gender ( Table 1 ).…”

“…The majority of these studies showed that parabens could cross the placental barrier [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Early life exposure to parabens is associated with increases in the gestational weight gain (GWG) rate [ 32 ], changes in height, head, hip, or arm circumference [ 28 , 30 , 33 , 34 ], z-scores of bodyweight [ 35 ], BMI or BMI z-scores [ 31 , 36 , 37 ], and overweight status in early childhood [ 38 ], although the direction of associations depends on the type of parabens and gender ( Table 1 ). However, results from one large-scale (n = 1015 mother–child pairs) and one small-scale study (n = 99 mother–newborn pairs) did not show any clear association.…”