In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Mably, Thomas A.; Moore, Robert W.; Goy, Robert W.; Peterson, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90102-x

Cited by 288 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In some of these experiments, TCDD was administered to the mother rats at day 15 of gestation with the dose at most of 1,000 ng/kg, and the phenotypes of the offspring male rats were observed. They observed a decreased body weight and epididymal sperm reserves, and ejaculated sperm numbers [27][28][29], in contrast to another group's report, which observed no change of testicular weight or sperm production [30]. In the study of Faqi et al, the experimental procedure was similar to ours [14], because TCDD was administered during lactation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

A Novel Spermatogenesis Related Factor-2 (SRF-2) Gene Expression Affected by TCDD Treatment

et al. 2005

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Abstract. We have cloned a gene which is specifically expressed at the stage of sexual maturation in the rat testis by means of differential display, and have named it spermatogenesis-related factor-2 (SRF-2). Testicular expression was first detected at 5 weeks of age, and its level of the expression increased up to 7 weeks, and was maintained even at 63 weeks. Its cDNA was 2,789 bp in length and encoded an open reading frame of 718 amino acids. This gene was mainly expressed in the spermatocyte, judging from the result of in situ hybridization. The hypothetical gene product had a motif highly homologous with RabGAP/TBC protein. Taken together, this gene is considered to have some important functions for meiosis. The gene expression was significantly decreased by treatment with TCDD, a candidate endocrine disruptor, when administered to male rats of the nursling period. Body weight and testis weight were decreased by the treatment, but even then the sperm concentration in cauda epididymis was not changed significantly. SRF-2 gene may be a promising biomarker to construct a detection system of uncertain endocrine disruptors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

A Novel Spermatogenesis Related Factor-2 (SRF-2) Gene Expression Affected by TCDD Treatment

et al. 2005

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“…In contrast, we exposed male mice to TCDD from 7 to 12 weeks of age in order to approximate the human situation in Seveso and Ufa and as an appropriate method of assessing human toxicity, finding that the male/female sex ratio of offspring decreased in inverse proportion to the dose without alteration of litter size, and there was a significant correlation between sex ratio and CYP1A1 immunoreactivity. Exposure to TCDD during development has been shown to perturb the development of the male sex accessory glands [6,13]; that is, mice show critical windows to TCDD during development. This is consistent with the observation that the sex ratio of offspring found in the study by Ikeda et al [8], in which a small number of rats (9 or 14 dams per F2) were exposed to TCDD in utero and lactationally, was lower than that of the present experiment due to the exposure in the critical windows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Paternal Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) affect the Sex Ratio of Offspring?

Ishihara

Warita

Tanida

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In 1976, men who were exposed to the highest concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) after an explosion at a chemical plant near Seveso, Italy, produced more girls than boys. However, few studies have examined the possibility that the exposure of laboratory animals to TCDD, especially that of males, could lead to a lower male/female sex ratio. The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct paternal exposure to TCDD affects the sex ratio of offspring using a relatively large-scale experimental design. Male ICR mice (n=120) were randomly assigned to three, one of which served as a vehicle control, the other two were administered TCDD orally with an initial loading dose of 2 or 2,000 ng TCDD/kg, followed by a weekly maintenance dose of 0.4 (T2/0.4 group) or 400 (T2000/400 group) ng/kg prior to mating. The major organs of each mouse were weighed and histopathologically and immunohistologically investigated, and the sex ratio of offspring [males/(males + females) × 100] was calculated in each dam. There were no significant effects on organ weights, or on the structure of the testis and epididymis between the control and TCDD-exposed males, but TCDD administration produced a significantly lower proportion of male offspring from T2000/400-exposed sires despite no alteration in litter size (Control: 53.1 ± 1.7; T2/0.4: 48.8 ± 2.5; T2000/400: 46.2 ± 2.1). In addition, we further divided the T2000/400 group into 3 subgroups based on the proportion of CYP1A1-immunoreactive areas in the liver; there was a significant correlation between sex ratio and CYP1A1 immunoreactivity. Thus, the present study confirms that direct paternal exposure to TCDD might be associated with an alteration in the sex ratio of offspring. Possible mechanisms through which TCDD might decrease the fertility potential of Ybearing gametes before conception are discussed. KEY WORDS: CYP1A1, paternal exposure, Seveso data, sex ratio of offspring, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

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“…A series of studies conducted to examine the effects of in utero and lactational exposure to TCDD on adult male rats showed a decrease in androgenic status (lowered testosterone levels), altered sexual behavior, decreased serum luteinizing hormone levels, and decrements in spermatogenesis and reproductive capability (198)(199)(200). Another series of studies reported different effects for in utero versus lactational exposure (201), a decrease in the responsiveness of ventral prostate after in utero and lactational exposure (202), and partial demasculinization and feminization of male sex behavior with in utero and lactational exposure (203).…”

Section: Reduced Male Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the human health effects of chemical mixtures.

Carpenter

Arcaro

Spink

2002

Environ Health Perspect

323

198

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Most research on the effects of chemicals on biologic systems is conducted on one chemical at a time. However, in the real world people are exposed to mixtures, not single chemicals. Although various substances may have totally independent actions, in many cases two substances may act at the same site in ways that can be either additive or nonadditive. Many even more complex interactions may occur if two chemicals act at different but related targets. In the extreme case there may be synergistic effects, in which case the effects of two substances together are greater than the sum of either effect alone. In reality, most persons are exposed to many chemicals, not just one or two, and therefore the effects of a chemical mixture are extremely complex and may differ for each mixture depending on the chemical composition. This complexity is a major reason why mixtures have not been well studied. In this review we attempt to illustrate some of the principles and approaches that can be used to study effects of mixtures. By the nature of the state of the science, this discussion is more a presentation of what we do not know than of what we do know about mixtures. We approach the study of mixtures at three levels, using specific examples. First, we discuss several human diseases in relation to a variety of environmental agents believed to influence the development and progression of the disease. We present results of selected cellular and animal studies in which simple mixtures have been investigated. Finally, we discuss some of the effects of mixtures at a molecular level.

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In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Cited by 288 publications

References 43 publications

A Novel Spermatogenesis Related Factor-2 (SRF-2) Gene Expression Affected by TCDD Treatment

A Novel Spermatogenesis Related Factor-2 (SRF-2) Gene Expression Affected by TCDD Treatment

Dose Paternal Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) affect the Sex Ratio of Offspring?

Understanding the human health effects of chemical mixtures.

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