In-train particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations: Level, source, composition, mitigation measures and health risk effect – A systematic literature review
Abstract:Exposure of commuters to pollutants on trains has been an essential topic of discussion in recent years due to its health implications. This review summarizes literature that measures particulate matter (PM) in trains to understand the concentration levels and health effects caused due to exposure. The databases searched were Scopus, Web of Science (WOS) and Google Scholar. Articles, conference papers and textbooks written in English, measuring PM in train carriages and published between 1998 and 2022 were sel… Show more
“…The increase in the temperature of the near-wall heat source led to an increase in particle deposition. (3) The increase in the distance from the near-wall heat source has led to a decrease in the effect of the nearwall heat source on particle deposition. (4) The particle deposition increased obviously with the increasing air velocity in the chamber.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A silicone pipe of length 0.35 m located 0.2 m above the geometric centre of the back wall of the chamber was used as the entrance of particles into the chamber. Solutions of monodisperse styrene microspheres with a density of 1.064 g/cm 3 and diameters of 0.275, 0.4, 0.55, 0.8, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5 and 2.0 μm in deionized water were used in each measurement. The volume of the monodisperse styrene microspheres solutions was 10 mL, and the content of sodium azide and solid content in the solutions were 0.05% and 2.5% w/v, respectively.…”
Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 Furthermore, it can cause abnormal symptoms and diseases related to the respiratory system, nervous system and immune system and increase the fatality rate. 3,4 In addition to the threat posed by suspended particles, particles deposited on surfaces may also lead to adverse consequences. Particle deposition can cause serious accidents in electronic manufacturing, equipment operation, medical industry, aerospace and other fields.…”
Understanding the coupling effect of multiple factors on particle deposition above the near-wall heat source is vital for human health, manufacturing, treasure protection and so on. This study investigated the concentrations and decay rate loss coefficient of particles in an experimental chamber with different heat-source configurations. Thirty-nine cases were created by changing the surface temperature and the shape of the near-wall heat source as well as the angular velocity of the six-bladed fan. The results reveal that the temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and the shape of the near-wall heat sources all exhibit different degrees of influence on the particle deposition. Also, the impacts of these factors on particle deposition on the vertical wall above near-wall heat sources can be further influenced by the size and location of particles.
“…The increase in the temperature of the near-wall heat source led to an increase in particle deposition. (3) The increase in the distance from the near-wall heat source has led to a decrease in the effect of the nearwall heat source on particle deposition. (4) The particle deposition increased obviously with the increasing air velocity in the chamber.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A silicone pipe of length 0.35 m located 0.2 m above the geometric centre of the back wall of the chamber was used as the entrance of particles into the chamber. Solutions of monodisperse styrene microspheres with a density of 1.064 g/cm 3 and diameters of 0.275, 0.4, 0.55, 0.8, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5 and 2.0 μm in deionized water were used in each measurement. The volume of the monodisperse styrene microspheres solutions was 10 mL, and the content of sodium azide and solid content in the solutions were 0.05% and 2.5% w/v, respectively.…”
Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 Furthermore, it can cause abnormal symptoms and diseases related to the respiratory system, nervous system and immune system and increase the fatality rate. 3,4 In addition to the threat posed by suspended particles, particles deposited on surfaces may also lead to adverse consequences. Particle deposition can cause serious accidents in electronic manufacturing, equipment operation, medical industry, aerospace and other fields.…”
Understanding the coupling effect of multiple factors on particle deposition above the near-wall heat source is vital for human health, manufacturing, treasure protection and so on. This study investigated the concentrations and decay rate loss coefficient of particles in an experimental chamber with different heat-source configurations. Thirty-nine cases were created by changing the surface temperature and the shape of the near-wall heat source as well as the angular velocity of the six-bladed fan. The results reveal that the temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and the shape of the near-wall heat sources all exhibit different degrees of influence on the particle deposition. Also, the impacts of these factors on particle deposition on the vertical wall above near-wall heat sources can be further influenced by the size and location of particles.
“…The floor plan thus offers invaluable insights into the potential regions of PM concentration and its relation to architectural features Figure 3. The targeted building is positioned adjacent to a bustling 14-lane Sheikh Zayed Road, implying that the exterior concentration of PM is expected to be substantial, owing to the continuous vehicular traffic outside commuting hours (Azimi et al, 2018b;Otuyo et al, 2023). The 14-lane thoroughfare runs parallel to the southern side of the apartment complex, with an approximate distance of 20 m separating the two.…”
In response to the growing concern of air pollution in Dubai, this study was undertaken to measure and analyze indoor and outdoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations in residential buildings during the spring dust storm period. The research focused on the infiltration of PM into indoor spaces and its impact on indoor air quality, exploring the relationship between PM particle diameter, building infiltration rates, and the indoor influence of outdoor PM. Conducted in a two-bedroom residential unit near a busy road, the study utilized particle size analysis and the indoor-outdoor (I/O) ratio for measurements. The findings revealed that smaller particles, particularly ultrafine PM2.5, had a more substantial influence on indoor PM concentrations than larger particles. It was noted that buildings with higher infiltration rates, especially those with natural ventilation, were more susceptible to outdoor PM infiltration. Additionally, the study highlighted the significant role of occupant behavior, such as cooking and cleaning, in generating indoor PM. However, further research is necessary to better understand the correlation between architectural characteristics, infiltration rates, and the indoor influence of outdoor PM in residential buildings. The study underscores the importance of improved ventilation systems, raising awareness of indoor air quality, and implementing effective mitigation strategies to reduce indoor air pollution and enhance indoor air quality in urban environments like Dubai. These findings contribute significantly to our understanding of indoor and outdoor PM dynamics, emphasizing the urgent need to address indoor air pollution in urban areas.
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