In-train air quality assessment of the railway transit system in Beijing: A note

Li, Tiantian; Bai, Yu-Lei; Liu, Zhaorong; Li, Jinlong

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2006.11.001

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Table 3 presents the PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels inside the metro trains for different metro systems worldwide. It is worth noting here that PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels inside the metro trains in the Taipei metro system are lower than those measured in London (Adams et al, 2001;Seaton et al, 2005), Berlin (Fromme et al, 1998), Beijing (Li et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007) and Seoul (Kim et al, 2008;Park and Ha, 2008), and similar to those measured in Helsinki (Aarnio et al, 2005;Asmi et al, 2009) and Los Angeles (Kam et al, 2011). However, PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels measured inside the metro trains in these metro systems vary widely according to monitoring conditions such as the time, place, or season of the measurements, the measurement equipment used, and the outdoor climate (Kim et al, 2008).…”

Section: Comparison Of Pm 10 and Pm 25 Levels Inside Metro Trains Unmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Chan et al (2002a) noted that the PM 2.5 -to-PM 10 ratios inside the trains were approximately 0.72 in the Hong Kong mass transit railway system. Li et al (2007) presented that PM 2.5 -to-PM 10 ratios inside the trains were approximately 0.34 in above-ground environments in the Beijing railway transit system. A study of the Seoul subway system by Park and Ha (2008) demonstrated PM 2.5 -to-PM 10 ratios of 0.87 and 0.80 inside trains in ground-level environments and underground environments, respectively.…”

Section: Comparison Of Particle Mass Size Distributions and Pm 25 -Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The PM concentrations in metro systems whether on platforms or inside trains are generally higher compared to those in outdoor air . Levels of PM 10 , PM 2.5 or particle number (PN) have been measured on platforms or inside trains in many metro systems, including those in London (Pfeifer et al, 1999;Sitzmann et al, 1999;Adams et al, 2001;Seaton et al, 2005), Berlin (Fromme et al, 1998), Tokyo (Furuya et al, 2001), Boston (Levy et al, 2002), Hong Kong (Chan et al, 2002a), Guangzhou (Chan et al, 2002b), Stockholm (Johansson and Johansson, 2003), New York (Chillrud et al, 2004), Helsinki (Aarnio et al, 2005, Asmi et al, 2009, Prague (Braniš, 2006), Rome (Ripanucci et al, 2006), Budapest (Salma et al, 2007), Beijing (Li et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007), Mexico , Taipei (Cheng et al, 2008;Cheng et al, 2009;Cheng and Yan, 2011), Seoul (Kim et al, 2008;Park and Ha, 2008), Paris (Raut et al, 2009), and Los Angeles (Kam et al, 2011). The widely varying PM levels and their sources reported in the different metro systems throughout the world indicates that PM may originate from the outside atmosphere or may be generated internally in the underground portion of the metro system (Pfeifer et al, 1999;Sitzmann et al, 1999;Johansson and Johansson, 2003;Chillrud et al, 2004;Aarnio et al, 2005;Braniš, 2006;Ripanucci et al, 2006;Salma et al, 2007;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparisons of PM10, PM2.5, Particle Number, and CO2 Levels inside Metro Trains between Traveling in Underground Tunnels and on Elevated Tracks

Chen

Liu

Yan

2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Commuters spend considerable time, in some cases up to 1-2 h a day, traveling in metro trains. However, few studies have compared air quality between trains traveling above-ground and underground. This study measures the PM 10 , PM 2.5 , particle number (PN) and CO 2 levels inside metro trains traveling in underground tunnels and on elevated tracks on a metro line in the Taipei metro system. The results demonstrated that PM 10 , PM 2.5 and CO 2 levels inside metro trains traveling in underground environments are approximately 20-50% higher than those in above-ground environments. However, PN levels inside metro trains traveling in underground environments are approximately 20% lower than those in above-ground ones. These measurement results reveal that levels of pollutant species inside the metro trains are significantly affected by traveling environmental conditions--in underground tunnels or on elevated tracks. Moreover, the levels of pollutant species inside the metro trains traveling on the same route are also different in different traveling directions. Fine PM inside the metro trains is transferred from the outside and significantly influenced by the surrounding conditions of the trains. Additionally, a high fraction of large coarse PM (> 10 μm) is observed inside the metro trains, possibly due to re-suspension by the movement of commuters. The measurement results show that, unlike PM, which is transferred from outside environments, CO 2 inside metro trains is elevated internally by exhalation from commuters. Clearly, CO 2 exhaled by commuters could accumulate inside metro trains and, compared to PM, is not as easily removed by the ventilation system when air circulation does not provide enough fresh air in the metro trains, particularly in trains traveling in underground environments.

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Section: Comparison Of Pm 10 and Pm 25 Levels Inside Metro Trains Unmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Comparison Of Particle Mass Size Distributions and Pm 25 -Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparisons of PM10, PM2.5, Particle Number, and CO2 Levels inside Metro Trains between Traveling in Underground Tunnels and on Elevated Tracks

Chen

Liu

Yan

2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Studies have been made to monitor the in-train PM2.5 levels in the Beijing subway system (Li et al, 2006(Li et al, , 2007. However, observations of PM concentrations alone may not be sensitive enough to characterize the intrinsic nature of the iron-containing particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulometric and magnetic properties of deposited particles in the Beijing subway and the implications for air quality management

Cui

Zhou

Dearing

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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The subway system is an important traffic facility in Beijing and its internal air quality is an environmental issue that could potentially affect millions of people every day. Due to the intrinsic nature of rail abrasion in subway tunnels, iron-containing particles can be generated and become suspended in the subway environment. While some studies (e.g. Li et al., 2006) have monitored the in-train levels of PM2.5s (particles < 2.5 μm), there is a lack of systematic assessment of the concentration and characteristics of iron-containing particles in the Beijing subway system. Here we report results of a study on the granulometric and magnetic properties of particulate samples collected at different localities of the Beijing subway system. Our results show that the subway samples are characterized by the presence of very fine particles. Volume proportions of 6.1 ± 1.3 % for PM2.5s and 27.5 ± 6.1 % for PM10s (particles < 10 μm) are found in the bulk subway particulate samples. These samples exhibit a strong magnetic signal, which is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that in naturally deposited particles collected in Beijing. Fine grained ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic minerals (e.g. iron and magnetite, respectively) are identified from mineral magnetic measurements and scanning electric microscopy. The samples collected from the Beijing stations with platform screen doors are found to be magnetically stronger and finer than those without them, suggesting that platform screen doors have failed to block the fine iron-containing particulate matters released from the rail tunnel. Given the potential health consequences of fine suspended ironcontaining particles, our results have important implications for air quality management in the Beijing subway system. We here submit a manuscript entitled "Granulometric and magnetic properties of particulate matter in the Beijing subway and the implications for air quality management". This work reports our finding of very fine particle matters in the Beijing subway environment, which are characterized by distinctly strong magnetic signals compared to those in naturally deposited particles. We also found variation of magnetic PM in the subway environment with platform screen door designs.Considering the potential health consequences of fine suspended iron-containing particles identified with magnetic techniques, our results not only have important implications for air quality management in the Beijing subway system but also demonstrate a new way of assessing environmental quality in metropolitan cities with subways.Thank you for your consideration. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 ABSTRACT The subway system is an important traffic facility in Beijing and its internal air quality is an environmental issue that could potentially affect mill...

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“…Tel. : +886-2-29089899; Fax: +886-2-29084513 E-mail address: yhcheng@mail.mcut.edu.tw subway systems, such as those in London (Pfeifer et al, 1999;Sitzmann et al, 1999;Adams et al, 2001;Seaton et al, 2005), Stockholm (Johansson and Johansson, 2003), Prague (Braniš, 2006), Rome (Ripanucci et al, 2006), Berlin (Fromme et al, 1998), Seoul (Kim et al, 2008;Park and Ha, 2008) and Beijing (Li et al, 2007). Moreover, Karlsson et al (2005) compared the ability of particles from a subway station and a nearby very busy urban street, respectively, to damage DNA and to induce oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Particle Mass Concentrations and Size Distributions in an Underground Station

Chen

Lin

2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The Taipei main station is a major transfer station in the Taipei Rapid Transit System and is located at the center of Taipei metropolitan areas. This study investigates particle mass concentrations and size distributions at the concourse in this underground station using an optical particle counter. On-site measurements were taken during January-February 2008. Experimental results show that PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels in the Taipei main station were 9.83-104.26 μg/m 3 and 3.84-59.74  μg/m 3 , respectively. The lognormal mass size distribution in the Taipei main station had two modes; one near 0.27 μm and the other at about 12.5 μm. Additionally, the mean mass concentrations were governed by particles with coarse PM. Measurement results also suggest that average PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels in the indoor station were about 0.70 and 0.53 times those outdoors, respectively. The PM levels in the indoor station and outdoors were positively correlated, indicating that PM levels at the concourse in the Taipei main station are significantly influenced by outdoor ambient PM levels. Moreover, the low PM 2.5 -to-PM 10 ratio at the concourse in the Taipei main station was likely the result of coarse PM being re-suspended in the station concourse due to passenger movement.

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In-train air quality assessment of the railway transit system in Beijing: A note

Cited by 66 publications

References 4 publications

Comparisons of PM10, PM2.5, Particle Number, and CO2 Levels inside Metro Trains between Traveling in Underground Tunnels and on Elevated Tracks

Comparisons of PM10, PM2.5, Particle Number, and CO2 Levels inside Metro Trains between Traveling in Underground Tunnels and on Elevated Tracks

Granulometric and magnetic properties of deposited particles in the Beijing subway and the implications for air quality management

Measurement of Particle Mass Concentrations and Size Distributions in an Underground Station

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