“In the name of the children”: Public policies for children in out-of-home care in Chile. Historical review, present situation and future challenges

Quiroga, Manuela García; Hamilton‐Giachritsis, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.009

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The vast majority of participants did not have any specialized professional training in education or childcare. Characteristics of this sample of residential homes are representative of the general characteristics in the regions of the country included in the study regarding, number of children, caregiver ratios, staff turnover, and level of training, with the only exclusion (due to voluntary participation) of a few bigger and older institutions that still exist in the country (Garcia Quiroga & Hamilton-Giachritsis, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Chile, an important debate has taken place concerning the quality of care for children in need. Foster care has been implemented, with numerous difficulties, and new quality standards for institutional setting have been established (Garcia Quiroga & Hamilton-Giachritsis, 2014). A recent study reported a positive impact of a pilot intervention program with caregivers working in an infant home (Lecannelier et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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“Getting involved”

Quiroga

Hamilton‐Giachritsis

2016

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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A large number of children around the world are currently living in residential children's homes and a central figure in those settings is the caregiver. The relationship children establish with their temporary caregivers can be a crucial factor in their lives.However, little research has been conducted with caregivers working in institutional settings regarding their experience and the relationship they establish with the children they care for.This article presents the results of a qualitative study conducted with 43 caregivers working in eight different residential children's homes in Chile. The information was gathered through focus groups and thematic analysis was conducted. The results show that caregivers report their experience of work and their relationship with children very positively and that this is characterized by their emotional involvement with children. This perspective appears to differ from that observed in large institutions in Europe, where there is some evidence that a more impersonal approach is predominant. However, it is acknowledged that this is based on caregiver perceptions which may or may not reflect cultural variations. The conclusion highlights the potential positive impact that caregivers can have on children's lives, alongside some factors that negatively affect caregivers' work, which could inform policy and procedures in order to provide better care for these children who (for various reasons) remain in residential care rather than family based care.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“Getting involved”

Quiroga

Hamilton‐Giachritsis

2016

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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“…Similarly, length of placement can have a positive effect if mediated by quality of care. The aim, then, should be to provide stability in high quality placements, rather than using a series of short placements with multiple changes and the inherent negative impact on attachment formation (Garcia Quiroga and Hamilton-Giachritsis 2014 ). Some characteristics of caregivers that go beyond the usual assessments have been shown to impact on attachment security.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment Styles in Children Living in Alternative Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Quiroga

Hamilton‐Giachritsis

2015

Child Youth Care Forum

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BackgroundA large number of children are currently living in Alternative Care. The relationship they establish with their temporary caregivers can play a significant role in their development. However, little has been published regarding attachment with temporary Caregivers.ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to analyse the existing published studies regarding attachment styles in children living in alternative care (Children’s Homes and Foster Care). The review analyses rates of attachment styles and associated factors (including characteristics of settings, children and caregivers) in both settings.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted searching electronic databases for peer reviewed publications in different languages. Studies considering attachment in children living in Children’s Homes or Foster families at the time of the study were included.ResultsOverall, 18 articles reporting 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results are presented in terms of characteristics of the studies, rates of attachment in different settings and possible mediating factors. Implications for practice and research are discussed.ConclusionsAttachment styles in children living in alternative care differ from those observed in children living with biological or adoptive families, however several factors can mediate this outcome (including characteristics of settings, children and caregivers). Most research has been conducted in Europe and USA. Therefore, further research is needed in less developed countries in order to guide local policies for better care.

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“…Children and adolescents in out-of-home care can generally be placed there either by child welfare (civil law) or juvenile justice (criminal law) authorities. The quality of structures and processes in different care settings within and across child welfare and juvenile justice systems varies substantially between countries with different socioeconomic opportunities and policies [8][9][10][11]. In general, adolescent offenders are marked by highly elevated rates of trauma, psychopathology, and other psychosocial problems [12,13], while adolescents in child welfare placements often show delinquent behavior in addition to similarly elevated rates of psychosocial treatment needs [3,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Boonmann

Gerger

Jäggi

et al. 2021

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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While children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3–17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6–66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33–2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.

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“In the name of the children”: Public policies for children in out-of-home care in Chile. Historical review, present situation and future challenges

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

“Getting involved”

“Getting involved”

Attachment Styles in Children Living in Alternative Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

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