In the Line of Fire

Stress and stress management in European crisis managers

“…Crisis management personnel are at elevated risk to suffer from physical and mental health consequences of work-related stress and traumatic incidents such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and burnout (e.g., Alexander & Klein, 2001;Bennett, Williams, Page, Hood, & Woollard, 2004). As several researchers have pointed out, occupational (e.g., time pressure, conflicting roles) and organizational stressors (e.g., team conflicts) have a considerable impact on the health and well-being of crisis and emergency management personnel; they are often perceived as more stressful than event-specific/critical incident stressors (Brown & Campbell, 1990;Regehr & Bober, 2005) or even better predictors for STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT IN CRISIS MANAGERS 5 psychological distress (Liberman et al, 2002). According to Regehr and Bober (2005), stressors and stress levels differ depending on the positions/ranks of crisis management personnel within the organization, indicating that chiefs, executives and supervisors are likely to experience the highest levels of work-related stress (see also Kirkcaldy et al, 1998).…”

“…As several researchers have pointed out, occupational (e.g., time pressure, conflicting roles) and organizational stressors (e.g., team conflicts) have a considerable impact on the health and well-being of crisis and emergency management personnel; they are often perceived as more stressful than event-specific/critical incident stressors (Brown & Campbell, 1990;Regehr & Bober, 2005) or even better predictors for STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT IN CRISIS MANAGERS 5 psychological distress (Liberman et al, 2002). According to Regehr and Bober (2005), stressors and stress levels differ depending on the positions/ranks of crisis management personnel within the organization, indicating that chiefs, executives and supervisors are likely to experience the highest levels of work-related stress (see also Kirkcaldy et al, 1998). Crisis managers are usually involved in daily routines within their workplace environment when they abruptly need to take action in the face of a disaster.…”

“…In this context, it is assumed that ongoing concerns and organizational stressors form the basis to which critical incidents are added and might undermine resources for dealing with major incidents (Liberman et. al, 2002;Regehr & Bober, 2005). While crisis managers might be less often directly exposed to potentially traumatic stressors than first responders (depending whether they work in an executive position on-site or in a strategic position off-site), their positions imply a particularly high level of decision-making and managerial responsibility (Hadley et al, 2011).…”

Perceived Stress in Black and Latino Male Firefighters: Associations with Risk and Protective Factors

“…6 Therefore, it is not surprising that rates of distress among firefighters have ranged from 25% to 32%. [6][7][8] Cancer, cardiovascular disease, sleep disruptions, inadequate nutrition, alcohol abuse and stress management have been identified as salient health concerns among career 9 and volunteer 10 firefighters. Evidence indicates that a high level of general stress is negatively associated to psychological well-being and physical heath.…”

Formal C Semantics: CompCert and the C Standard

“…On the contrary, the Formalin semantics intends to be a formal version of the C standard, and therefore should capture the behavior of any C compiler. A blog post by Regehr [11] shows some examples of bizarre behavior by widely used compilers due to undefined behavior. Hence, Formalin has to take all under-specification seriously (even if that makes the semantics more complex), whereas CompCert may (and even has to) make specific choices.…”