In the Field

Burgess, Robert G.

doi:10.4324/9780203418161

Cited by 634 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…132,133 In broad terms, ethnography is concerned with developing a rich description and interpretative understanding of how different peoples, communities or cultures 'experience, interpret and structure their lives'. 134 Ethnography is particularly suited to organisational research, 135 providing insight into how knowledge is constructed through intersubjective and culturally informed sense-making; how beliefs and assumptions are shared among different groups or communities; the importance of shared language and stories in expressing and reinforcing shared values; how ceremonies and rituals guide interaction and convey shared meaning; how social activities occur and unfold in context; and how wider sociocultural and institutional pressures shape everyday life. [136][137][138] The ethnographic approach is associated with specific methods for understanding social and cultural processes, especially observations that allow for an emic or insider's perspective.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ethnographic study of knowledge sharing across the boundaries between care processes, services and organisations: the contributions to ‘safe’ hospital discharge

Waring

Marshall

Bishop

et al. 2014

Health Services and Delivery Research

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BackgroundHospital discharge is a vulnerable stage in the patient pathway. Research highlights communication failures and the problems of co-ordination as resulting in delayed, poorly timed and unsafe discharges. The complexity of hospital discharge exemplifies the threats to patient safety found ‘between’ care processes and organisations. In developing this perspective, safe discharge is seen as relying upon enhanced knowledge sharing and collaboration between stakeholders, which can mitigate system complexity and promote safety.AimTo identify interventions and practices that support knowledge sharing and collaboration in the processes of discharge planning and care transition.SettingThe study was undertaken between 2011 and 2013 in two English health-care systems, each comprising an acute health-care provider, community and primary care providers, local authority social services and social care agencies. The study sites were selected to reflect known variations in local population demographics as well as in the size and composition of the care systems. The study compared the experiences of stroke and hip fracture patients as exemplars of acute care with complex discharge pathways.DesignThe study involved in-depth ethnographic research in the two sites. This combined (a) over 180 hours of observations of discharge processes and knowledge-sharing activities in various care settings; (b) focused ‘patient tracking’ to trace and understand discharge activities across the entire patient journey; and (c) qualitative interviews with 169 individuals working in health, social and voluntary care sectors.FindingsThe study reinforces the view of hospital discharge as a complex system involving dynamic and multidirectional patterns of knowledge sharing between multiple groups. The study shows that discharge planning and care transitions develop through a series of linked ‘situations’ or opportunities for knowledge sharing. It also shows variations in these situations, in terms of the range of actors, forms of knowledge shared, and media and resources used, and the wider culture and organisation of discharge. The study also describes the threats to patient safety associated with hospital discharge, as perceived by participants and stakeholders. These related to falls, medicines, infection, clinical procedures, equipment, timing and scheduling of discharge, and communication. Each of these identified risks are analysed and explained with reference to the observed patterns of knowledge sharing to elaborate how variations in knowledge sharing can hinder or promote safe discharge.ConclusionsThe study supports the view of hospital discharge as a complex system involving tightly coupled and interdependent patterns of interaction between multiple health and social care agencies. Knowledge sharing can help to mitigate system complexity through supporting collaboration and co-ordination. The study suggests four areas of change that might enhance knowledge sharing, reduce system complexity and promote safety. First, knowledge brokers in the form of discharge co-ordinators can facilitate knowledge sharing and co-ordination; second, colocation and functional proximity of stakeholders can support knowledge sharing and mutual appreciation and alignment of divergent practices; third, local cultures should prioritise and value collaboration; and finally, organisational resources, procedures and leadership should be aligned to fostering knowledge sharing and collaborative working. These learning points provide insight for future interventions to enhance discharge planning and care transition. Future research might consider the implementation of interviews to mediate system complexity through fostering enhanced knowledge sharing across occupational and organisational boundaries. Research might also consider in more detail the underlying complexity of both health and social care systems and how opportunities for knowledge sharing might be engendered to promote patient safety in other areas.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ethnographic study of knowledge sharing across the boundaries between care processes, services and organisations: the contributions to ‘safe’ hospital discharge

Waring

Marshall

Bishop

et al. 2014

Health Services and Delivery Research

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“…The Facebook group (Figure 1 In selecting the research site, Burgess (1984) stated that it is important for a researcher to consider a few questions concerning whether the participants are willing to participate and cooperate in a given study, whether it is convenient to access the perspective participants, and whether there is a need for carrying a study in that setting. Therefore, this group was selected as the context of this study since it is a joint effort between lecturers and the researcher, and therefore, accessing and tracing the EFL learners' participation in these revision activities through comments and exchanges to collect the necessary data was convenient and easy.…”

Section: Research Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFL Arab Learners’ Peer Revision of Writing in a Facebook Group: Contributions to Written Texts and Sense of Online Community

Razak¹,

Saeed²

2015

ELT

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This qualitative study investigated peer writing revision among English as foreign language (EFL) Arab students in a Facebook group. Specifically, it aimed to identify the text revisions made by the learners and to determine their contributions to the learners' written texts and sense of online community outside the college classroom context. Being framed within the situated learning approach (Wenger, 1998), the current study was carried out among 14 EFL Arab university learners from Yemen, Algeria, Tunisia, Syria, Sudan and Egypt. A purposeful sampling was perfomed to achieve a heterogeneous group of EFL learners. A qualitative content analysis of the learners' written paragraphs (original and revised drafts), online interactional exchanges and responses to the post-revision reflection discussions was employed in this study. The findings showed that addition, substitution, deletion, permutation, consolidation, and distribution were identified as the main revision operations made by the EFL learners. These revisions operations and changes contributed to enhancing learners' end-products or texts in terms of content, unity and organization, language and mechanics. The learners' engagement in the online revision activities fostered their sense of online learning community by creating an interactive friendly learning environment, building and nurturing new relationships based on shared interests and developing a sense of belonging.

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“…Gaining case study access to MERCY was quite difficult and hedged with confidentiality restriction and practical constraints, which the researcher need to be prepared for (Bryman, 1989;Burgess, 1984;Hammersley & Atkinson, 1983). In addition, once access was achieved, scheduling interviews was problematic as emergency response planning was taking place to respond to the humanitarian crisis brought about by war in Gaza in December 2008 to January 2009.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formalisation of Social Engagement in the Medical Relief NGO: The Evidence of MERCY Malaysia

Aziz¹

2016

AAMJ

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In the Field

Cited by 634 publications

References 0 publications

An ethnographic study of knowledge sharing across the boundaries between care processes, services and organisations: the contributions to ‘safe’ hospital discharge

An ethnographic study of knowledge sharing across the boundaries between care processes, services and organisations: the contributions to ‘safe’ hospital discharge

EFL Arab Learners’ Peer Revision of Writing in a Facebook Group: Contributions to Written Texts and Sense of Online Community

The Formalisation of Social Engagement in the Medical Relief NGO: The Evidence of MERCY Malaysia

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