In the brain of mice, 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) is converted into 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) and it is included within the signaling network connecting thyroid hormone metabolites with histamine

The impact of scopolamine pretreatment on 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) effects on memory and pain in mice

“…We also have demonstrated that TA1 accumulates in murine organotypic hippocampal slices exposed to T1AM (Laurino et al, 2015b), thus confirming a possible role for the acid in neuronal signaling.…”

3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), a novel antagonist of muscarinic receptors

“…Since T1AM endogenous tissue levels are several orders of magnitude lower than those recognized to interact at muscarinic receptors (Laurino et al, 2015) (Manni et al, 2013) it is unlikely that the antagonistic features on muscarinic receptors are part of the physiological role of T1AM. Instead, T1AM could have pharmacological effectiveness in reducing functional consequences of an hyper-activated muscarinic signaling.…”

“…Much is instead known on the pharmacological effects of T1AM. In this respect, we described that T1AM acutely modifies mice behavior and metabolism (Manni et al, 2012) (Manni et al, 2013) (Laurino et al, 2015) with a mechanism which remains to be defined but that depends, at least in part, on the activation of the histaminergic system and on T1AM biotransformation into TA1 (Manni et al, 2012) (Manni et al, 2013) (Laurino et al, 2015). In 2004, Scanlan et al described the hibernating effect of T1AM while recently James et al (2013) reported a pro-awaking effect of T1AM in rats.…”

Trace Amines and Their Receptors

“…Other Effects. A modulation of pain pathways, seen as an antinociceptive effect, has been reported after 3IT administration (Manni et al, 2013), an effect suggested to be mediated after metabolism to 3-iodothyroacetic acid, and subsequent modulation of histaminergic signaling (Laurino et al, 2015). Manni et al (2013) have also reported procognitive effects of 3IT.…”

“…The available evidence indicates that 3IT is not formed by the action of AADC Hoefig et al, 2012) but may be formed by ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) (Hoefig et al, 2015). Once formed, 3IT is a substrate for MAOs, SSAO/VAP-1/AOC3, and deiodinases, resulting in the production of 3-iodothyroacetic acid and thyronamine (Piehl et al, 2008;Wood et al, 2009;Saba et al, 2010;Laurino et al, 2015). In addition, N-acetyl, O-sulfonate, and glucuronide conjugates of 3IT have been reported to be widely distributed throughout the body (Pietsch et al, 2007;.…”