In situ X-ray microtomography of the compression behaviour of eTPU bead foams with a unique graded structure

Singaravelu, Arun Sundar S.; Williams, Jason; Ruppert, Jasmin; Henderson, Mark P.; Holmes, Christopher; Chawla, Nikhilesh

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-05621-3

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Oligomer diols with low glass transition temperature (T g ), such as poly(tetramethylene glycol) [45], act as soft segments, which endow TPU with excellent stretchability and elasticity. ETPU beads with pore structures exhibit many advantageous properties, including low density, high resilience, and cushioning effect [13,14]. A lot of research has focused on elucidating the relationship between TPU molecular chains' structure and foaming behavior, strate-gies for suppressing the shrinkage of the foamed beads, and adjustment of the foaming process [46,47].…”

Section: Expanded Thermoplastic Polyurethane (Etpu) Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each scale of the structure is associated with various research topics. From the perspective of molecular chains, the variety of bead foams has expanded from the initial PS [5,6] to polyethylene (PE) [7], polypropylene (PP) [8][9][10][11], thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) [3,[12][13][14], polylactic acid (PLA) [15], and other polymers. The selection of the regulatory strategy for foaming is based on the specific chain structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Bead Foams: A Review on Foam Preparation, Molding, and Interbead Bonding Mechanism

Jiang,

Wang,

Tian

et al. 2023

Macromol

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The diverse physical appearances and wide density range of polymer bead foams offer immense potential in various applications and future advancements. The multiscale and multilevel structural features of bead foams involve many fundamental scientific topics. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the preparation and molding techniques of bead foams. Firstly, it gives a comparative analysis on the bead foam characteristics of distinct polymers. Then, a summary and comparison of molding techniques employed for fabricating bead foam parts are provided. Beyond traditional methods like steam-chest molding (SCM) and adhesive-assisted molding (AAM), emerging techniques like in-mold foaming and molding (IMFM) and microwave selective sintering (MSS) are highlighted. Lastly, the bonding mechanisms behind these diverse molding methods are discussed.

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Section: Expanded Thermoplastic Polyurethane (Etpu) Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Bead Foams: A Review on Foam Preparation, Molding, and Interbead Bonding Mechanism

Jiang,

Wang,

Tian

et al. 2023

Macromol

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“…This technology can display the material microstructure layer by layer intuitively and nondestructively. The 3D microstructure of cellular medium can be further acquired by image reconstruction technology, which restores the topological structure to the greatest extent [ 60 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 ]. It has authenticity unmatched by other methods.…”

Section: Microstructure Mechanical Models Of Cellular Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Mechanical Models for Cellular Media: Investigation on Material Characterization and Numerical Simulation

et al. 2021

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Cellular media materials are used for automobiles, aircrafts, energy-efficient buildings, transportation, and other fields due to their light weight, designability, and good impact resistance. To devise a buffer structure reasonably and avoid resource and economic loss, it is necessary to completely comprehend the constitutive relationship of the buffer structure. This paper introduces the progress on research of the mechanical properties characterization, constitutive equations, and numerical simulation of porous structures. Currently, various methods can be used to construct cellular media mechanical models including simplified phenomenological constitutive models, homogenization algorithm models, single cell models, and multi-cell models. This paper reviews current key mechanical models for cellular media, attempting to track their evolution from their inception to their latest development. These models are categorized in terms of their mechanical modeling methods. This paper focuses on the importance of constitutive relationships and microstructure models in studying mechanical properties and optimizing structural design. The key issues concerning this topic and future directions for research are also discussed.

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“…XCT has previously been used to study porous materials including polyurethane foams. [14][15][16][17][18] Singaravelu et al 14 performed an in situ XCT analysis of expanded bead polyurethane foams to characterize a gradient cell structure with small cells close to interfaces and larger cells in the bulk. Many foam materials such as polymethacrylimide, 19 polystyrene, 20,21 polymer ber composites, 22,23 and ceramic and metal foams [24][25][26][27][28] have been analyzed with similar XCT methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural features of biobased composite foams revealed by X-ray tomography

Morankar,

Mort,

Curtzwiler

et al. 2024

RSC Adv.

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In situ X-ray microtomography of the compression behaviour of eTPU bead foams with a unique graded structure

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Polymer Bead Foams: A Review on Foam Preparation, Molding, and Interbead Bonding Mechanism

Polymer Bead Foams: A Review on Foam Preparation, Molding, and Interbead Bonding Mechanism

A Review on Mechanical Models for Cellular Media: Investigation on Material Characterization and Numerical Simulation

Structural features of biobased composite foams revealed by X-ray tomography

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