In-situ , time-lapse study of extracellular polymeric substance discharge in Streptococcus mutans biofilm

Liu, Bernard Haochih; Yu, Li

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.031

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The elastic modulus ( E ) was obtained by fitting force–indent depth curves via the Snedden model in the NanoScope Analysis software (Version 1.80). All of the measured values of Young’s modulus ( E ) were divided into four groups: a soft group with E < 10000 MPa, a middle hardness group with 10000 MPa < E <30 000 MPa, a hard group with 30 000 MPa < E < 50 000 MPa, and a very hard group with E > 50 000 MPa. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate Esters Released from Plastics Promote Biofilm Formation and Chlorine Resistance

Wang

Schwarz

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Phthalate esters (PAEs) are commonly released from plastic pipes in some water distribution systems. Here, we show that exposure to a low concentration (1–10 μg/L) of three PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) promotes Pseudomonas biofilm formation and resistance to free chlorine. At PAE concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 μg/L, genes coding for quorum sensing, extracellular polymeric substances excretion, and oxidative stress resistance were upregulated by 2.7- to 16.8-fold, 2.1- to 18.9-fold, and 1.6- to 9.9-fold, respectively. Accordingly, more biofilm matrix was produced and the polysaccharide and eDNA contents increased by 30.3–82.3 and 10.3–39.3%, respectively, relative to the unexposed controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that PAE exposure stimulated biofilm densification (volumetric fraction increased from 27.1 to 38.0–50.6%), which would hinder disinfectant diffusion. Biofilm densification was verified by atomic force microscopy, which measured an increase of elastic modulus by 2.0- to 3.2-fold. PAE exposure also stimulated the antioxidative system, with cell-normalized superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities increasing by 1.8- to 3.0-fold, 1.0- to 2.0-fold, and 1.2- to 1.6-fold, respectively. This likely protected cells against oxidative damage by chlorine. Overall, we demonstrate that biofilm exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PAEs can upregulate molecular processes and physiologic changes that promote biofilm densification and antioxidative system expression, which enhance biofilm resistance to disinfectants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate Esters Released from Plastics Promote Biofilm Formation and Chlorine Resistance

Wang

Schwarz

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It leads to demineralization of the tooth surface within an ecosystem of high density and diversity, known as dental biofilm (plaque), with increased acid production from microbial action of bacteria after intake of dietary fermentable carbohydrates (Nyvad et al, 2013; Kaur et al, 2017; Al-Dulaijan et al, 2018). A biofilm (plaque) is an ecological environment formed on the surface by microbial community and is made of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix consisting of protein, polysaccharides, and nucleic acid (Liu and Yu, 2017; Ye et al, 2019). According to the ecological plaque hypothesis, both the related bacteria and ecological changes caused by other factors can interfere with the ecological balance between the host and microbes (Anderson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamaldehyde on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms

et al. 2019

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Streptococcus mutans is considered the most relevant bacteria in the transition of non-pathogenic commensal oral microbiota to biofilms which contribute to the dental caries process. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a natural plant product, cinnamaldehyde against S. mutans biofilms. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and growth curves were determined to assess its antimicrobial effect against planktonic S. mutans. The biofilm biomass and metabolism with different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde and different incubation time points were assessed using the crystal violet and MTT assays. The biofilms were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity, aggregation, acid production, and acid tolerance were evaluated after cinnamaldehyde treatment. The gene expression of virulence-related factors (gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, comDE, vicR, ciaH, ldh and relA) was investigated by real-time PCR. The MIC and MBC of cinnamaldehyde against planktonic S. mutans were 1000 and 2000 μg/mL, respectively. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde can decrease biofilm biomass and metabolism at sub-MIC concentrations. CLSM images revealed that the biofilm-covered surface areas decreased with increasing concentrations of cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde increased cell surface hydrophobicity, reduced S. mutans aggregation, inhibited acid production, and acid tolerance. Genes expressions in the biofilms were down-regulated in the presence of cinnamaldehyde. Therefore, our data demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde at sub-MIC level suppressed the microbial activity on S. mutans biofilm by modulating hydrophobicity, aggregation, acid production, acid tolerance, and virulence gene expression.

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“…Moreover, S. mutans -derived exopolysaccharides, mostly glucans, provide binding sites that promote accumulation of other microorganisms on the tooth surface and further establishment of cariogenic biofilms. The potential of S. mutans to survive under environmental stresses, such as acid conditions, high temperature and osmotic pressure, are other major virulence factors of this microorganism ( Kawarai et al, 2016 ; Kwon et al, 2016 ; Liu & Yu, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ). Therefore, S. mutans should be a prime target for any therapeutic agent aimed at preventing dental caries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals against planktonic and sessileStreptococcus mutans

Ribeiro

Malheiro

Grenho

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundDental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide, encouraging the search for new and more effective antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals (eugenol, citronellol, sabinene hydrate, trans-cinnamaldehyde, terpineol and cinnamic acid) against Streptococcus mutans in planktonic and biofilm states as well as the cytotoxicity of these compounds.MethodsThe antibacterial activity of the selected compounds was evaluated by the determination of the minimal bactericidal concentration. The resazurin assay was used to assess the metabolic activity of sessile S. mutans. The cytotoxicity was determined using a fibroblast cell line.ResultsAmong the tested phytochemicals, citronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde were the most effective against both planktonic and sessile S. mutans, an effect apparently related to their hydrophobic character. Additionally, these three compounds did not compromise fibroblasts cell viability.DiscussionCitronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity proposing their potential as a novel group of therapeutic compounds to control oral infectious diseases. Moreover, their effects are particularly relevant when benchmarked against eugenol, a phytochemical commonly used for prosthodontic applications in dentistry.

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In-situ , time-lapse study of extracellular polymeric substance discharge in Streptococcus mutans biofilm

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Phthalate Esters Released from Plastics Promote Biofilm Formation and Chlorine Resistance

Phthalate Esters Released from Plastics Promote Biofilm Formation and Chlorine Resistance

Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamaldehyde on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms

Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals against planktonic and sessileStreptococcus mutans

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