In situ synthesized TiB–TiN reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy composite coatings: Microstructure, tribological and in-vitro biocompatibility

State of the Art in Directed Energy Deposition: From Additive Manufacturing to Materials Design

“…This will reduce the RS and improve the mechanical integrity of the joints [146][147][148][149][150][151][152]. Cladding is generally used to form corrosion resistant protective coatings on substrates or to improve the tribological properties [56,153,154]. There is also an added advantage of using DED for cladding two dissimilar materials, due to the possibility of using functionally graded alloys.…”

Microstructure and wear of in-situ Ti/(TiN + TiB) hybrid composite layers produced using liquid phase process

“…In the case of pre-placed CP-Ti with h-BN amount of 10 mass%, tendency to cracking was observed using various energy densities. TieN and TieB phase diagrams [21,22] show that, nitrogen has high solubility in liquid and solid titanium (<8 mass%) due to small atomic radius (0.75 A), and boron with larger atomic radius (1.17 A) has very low solubility (<0.05 mass%) in solid titanium, even in the high-temperature beta phase [23]. The rapid cooling associated with the TIG process may cause metastable retention of boron in the titanium interstices, impeding motion of the geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) needed to accommodate the thermal contraction and the great differences between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the surface composite layers and CP-Ti substrate is believed to the punch-out dislocations around the second phase particles and cracking happened consequently.…”

Effect of starting material character and its sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of super hard Ti/TiB metal matrix composites

“…Increasing industry demanding's mainly forced by the a cost reduction needs or simplicity of the adopt technological approach, drive to different processing paths, that proper combination seems to be crucial in successive market and economically profitability of products [8]. Comparison between highly advanced Ti alloys and Ti matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with in situ formed ceramic phases, shows higher potential of MMC to satisfy demands and needs also in such distant field as biomedical one [9][10][11]. Proposed approach focuses on Ti/TiB MMC that attracts high mechanical properties.…”