In Situ Synthesis of a Bismuth Vanadate/Molybdenum Disulfide Composite: An Electrochemical Tool for 3-Nitro-l-Tyrosine Analysis

Abstract

The quantification of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine (NO2-Tyr), an in vivo biomarker of nitrosative stress, is indispensable for the clinical intervention of various inflammatory disorders caused by nitrosative stress. By integrating the unique features of BiVO4 and MoS2 with matching bandgap energies, electrode materials with amplified response signals can be developed. In this regard, we introduce a hydrothermally synthesized bismuth vanadate sheathed molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@BiVO4) heterojunction as a highly sensitive electrode material for the determination of NO2-Tyr. Excellent electrochemical behavior perceived for the MoS2@BiVO4 augments the performance of the sensor and allows the measurement of NO2-Tyr in biological media without any time-consuming pretreatments. The synergistic interactions between BiVO4 and MoS2 heterojunctions contribute to low resistance charge transfer (R ct = 159.13 Ω·cm2), a reduction potential E pc = −0.58 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and a good response range (0.001–526.3 μM) with a lower limit of detection (0.94 nM) toward the detection of NO2-Tyr. An improved active surface area, reduced charge recombination, and high analyte adsorption contribute to the high loading of the biomarker for improved selectivity (in the presence of 10 interfering compounds), operational stability (1000 s), and reproducibility (six various modified electrodes). The proposed sensor was successfully utilized for the real-time determination of NO2-Tyr in water, urine, and saliva samples with good recovery values (±98.94–99.98%), ascertaining the reliability of the method. It is noteworthy that the electrochemical activity remains unaffected by other redox interferons, thus leading to targeted sensing applications.

Designing Hybrid Lanthanum Stannate/Functionalized Halloysite Nanotubes as Electrode Material for Electrochemical Detection of 4-(Methylamino)phenol (Metol) in Environmental Samples

“…The calibration plot shown in Figure b shows the correlation coefficient of lower concentration of I pa , R 2 = 0.991, and higher concentration of I pa , R 2 = 0.9965. Based on eq the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated: − LOD = 3 σ / S where S is the slope from the linear range and σ indicates the deviation of the blank (S/N = 3). The LOD was estimated using this equation and was found to be 2.1 nM.…”

Fabrication of tin sulfide@functionalized carbon nanofiber composites for the electrochemical detection of the oxidative stress biomarker trolox

“…Oxidative stress is described as an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). 1,2 RONS may cause oxidative damage to cells, leading to both physiological and pathological disorders in the human body, and the antioxidants in the body play a defensive role to repair the damage caused by them. Among them, trolox is a rich antioxidant such as vitamin E (vit E), which helps reduce oxidative stress.…”

The Fabrication of a La2Sn2O7/f-HNT Composite for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of 3-Nitro-l-tyrosine in Biological Samples

“…The ortho position of the phenolic ring in tyrosine experiences nitration in the existence of ONOO free radicals, leading to the formation of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine [7]. Excessively high levels of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine serve as in vivo biomarkers for nitrosative stress and are repeatedly associated with numerous chronic illnesses, as well as Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric diseases [8]. Therefore, the identification and quantification of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine in biological trials can provide valuable insight into the presence and severity of nitrosative stress-related diseases [9].…”