“…In the presence of polyethers, stepping to negative potentials results in some disruption of the polymer layer and corresponding alteration of the water modes. In the presence of both additives, the halide layer is somewhat stabilized by the polymer as the order–disorder phase transition is shifted, −50 mV, to more negative potentials, as revealed by voltammetric and SXS studies. , From an application perspective, the link between the halide order–disorder phase transition, water structure, and polyether adsorption underlies the critical phenomena associated with breakdown of the polyether–Cl – suppressor layer that is central to bottom-up filling of Cu TSV. ,,, Presently, there are numerous efforts underway to develop physically robust models of the associated dynamics. − ,,, What if any role cations, such as Cu 2+ or, more importantly, its hydrated form, play in suppressor film formation and operation remains to be resolved. Recent studies of specific ion effects on polymer aggregation, i.e., Hofmeister series, indicate that divalent, but not monovalent ions, affect the micellization and aggregation of poloxamers at higher temperatures .…”