In situ surface alkalinized g-C3N4 toward enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation

Li, Yunxiang; Xu, Hua; Ouyang, Shuxin; Lü, Da; Wang, Xin; Wang, Defa; Ye, Jinhua

doi:10.1039/c5ta05128b

Cited by 268 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…[41,42] In recent years, many efficient methods have been applied for the modification of pristine bulk gC 3 N 4 , such as exfoliation into nanosheets, [43][44][45][46] structure defect engineering, [40,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53] sur face property modification, [54][55][56][57][58][59][60] crystal structure optimiza tion, [61] nanostructure construction, [62][63][64][65][66] and heterostructure formation. [41,42] In recent years, many efficient methods have been applied for the modification of pristine bulk gC 3 N 4 , such as exfoliation into nanosheets, [43][44][45][46] structure defect engineering, [40,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53] sur face property modification, [54][55][56][57][58][59]…”

Section: Main Modification Strategies Of Pristine G-c 3 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

2,111

937

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Thereafter, the photocatalytic degrada tion of polychlorobiphenyls [2] and photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon compounds [3] in aqueous semiconductor suspensions greatly broad ened the applications of photocatalysis. Although the photocatalytic technology has got worldwide attention for its eco nomic, clean, safe, and renewable charac teristics, the photocatalytic performance of currently known photocatalysts is still far from commercial applications, especially in solartofuel conversion. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes. First, the semiconductor photocatalysts absorb effective photons whose energy (h v ) is equal to or above their bandgap (E g ), resulting in the generation of electronhole pairs. Second, the photogenerated charge carriers separate and transfer to the surface of photocatalysts. Third, the photogenerated electrons and holes partic ipate in reactions of substances adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalysts. [12,13] Thus, the improvements of the three aforementioned processes play impor tant roles in enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Light absorption is the first essential step of photocatalysis process. The traditional anatase phase TiO 2 photocatalyst is active only under UV light with wavelength below 387 nm due to its wide bandgap (3.2 eV). However, solar energy is mainly concentrated in the visible light region, and UV light accounts for less than 4% of the solar spectrum. [7] In order to achieve maximum utilization efficiency of solar energy, the exploration of visiblelightresponsive photo catalysts is an urgent task. Graphitic carbon nitride (gC 3 N 4 ) as a promising visiblelightresponsive photocatalyst has received worldwide attention due to its fascinating merits, such as moderate bandgap (≈2.7 eV), proper electronic band structure, nontoxicity, low cost, good stability, and easy preparation. [14][15][16][17][18] Since the first report on photocatalytic H 2 evolution over gC 3 N 4 by Wang et al. in 2009, [19] research endeavors toward improving the photocatalytic performance of gC 3 N 4 based photocatalysts have formed a forefront of photocatalysis research. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Bulk gC 3 N 4 powder can be prepared by the thermal poly condensation of lowcost nitrogencontaining organic pre cursors, e.g., urea, thiourea, melamine, cyanamide, dicyan diamide, guanidine hydrochloride, and so on. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The pure bulk gC 3 N 4 prepared by this method suffers from several shortcomings, including low specific surface area, insufficient visible light utilization, and, particularly, rapid recombination Photocatalysis is considered as one of the promising routes to solve the energy and environmental crises by utilizing solar energy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted worldwide attention due to its visible-light activity, facile synthesis from low-cost materials, chemical stability, and unique layered structure. However, the pure g-C 3 N 4 photocatalys...

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Section: Main Modification Strategies Of Pristine G-c 3 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

2,111

937

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“…[12] Considering the precursor was treated by KOHa nd the formation of mCNN under high temperature will intercalate K + inbetween C 3 N 4 interplanar layers, [13] it is reasonable to assume that the enlarged interlayer distance is caused by the intercalation of K + . [14] Thec hemical functional groups of g-C 3 N 4 and mCNN were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy ( Figure 1b). Both samples display characteristic peaks located at 810 and 1200-1700 cm À1 ,a nd they can be ascribed to the typical out-ofplane bending vibration of heptazine rings and skeletal stretching vibration modes of aromatic C 3 N 4 heterocycles, respectively.T his data indicates that the surface functional groups of both g-C 3 N 4 and mCNN are well maintained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium‐Ion‐Assisted Regeneration of Active Cyano Groups in Carbon Nitride Nanoribbons: Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

et al. 2019

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As am etal-free nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) photocatalyst, g-C 3 N 4 is available from as calable synthesis at low cost. Importantly,i tc an be readily functionalizedt o enhance photocatalytic activities.H owever,t he use of g-C 3 N 4based photocatalysts for the NRR has been questioned because of the elusive mechanism and the involvement of Nd efects. This work reports the synthesis of ag -C 3 N 4 photocatalyst modified with cyano groups and intercalated K + (mCNN), possessing extended visible-light harvesting capacity and superior photocatalytic NRR activity (NH 3 yield: 3.42 mmol g À1 h À1 ). Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the -C Ni nm CNN can be regenerated through ap athway analogous to Mars van Krevelen process with the aid of the intercalated K + .T he results confirm that the regeneration of the cyano group not only enhances photocatalytic activity and sustains the catalytic cycle,b ut also stabilizes the photocatalyst.

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“…In addition to interfacial engineering, nanostructural control, and doping, introducing defects in g‐C 3 N 4 , namely defect engineering, is also efficient to improve its photocatalytic activity. Such strategies including the introduction of carbon vacancies, nitrogen vacancies, dye, cyanamide defects, reducing defects, protonation, alkalinized treatment, vacuum heat‐treatment, oxygenation, amorphization and breaking of hydrogen bonds have also been investigated in recent years.…”

Section: Strategies For Modifying Carbon Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Efficient Solar Water Splitting Using Carbon Nitride

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 )-based photocatalysts are promising for photocatalytic water splitting to produce clean solar fuels due to their low cost, suitable band structure and excellent photocatalytic performance. This review focuseso nt he state-of-the-artp rogress of the strategies form odifying g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalystst oward efficient photocatalytic water splitting. In particular, we highlight the importance of interfacial engineering and nanostructuralcontrol to facilitating charge separation and migration. Other strategies including doping and defecte ngineering are also concisely discussed. Finally,t he perspectives on the challenges and future development of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts are presented.

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In situ surface alkalinized g-C₃N₄ toward enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution under visible-light irradiation

Cited by 268 publications

References 44 publications

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Potassium‐Ion‐Assisted Regeneration of Active Cyano Groups in Carbon Nitride Nanoribbons: Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

Strategies for Efficient Solar Water Splitting Using Carbon Nitride

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In situ surface alkalinized g-C3N4 toward enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation

Cited by 268 publications

References 44 publications

g‐C3N4‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

g‐C3N4‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Potassium‐Ion‐Assisted Regeneration of Active Cyano Groups in Carbon Nitride Nanoribbons: Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

Strategies for Efficient Solar Water Splitting Using Carbon Nitride

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In situ surface alkalinized g-C₃N₄ toward enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution under visible-light irradiation

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts