In-situ study of the consolidation of wall paintings using commercial and newly developed consolidants

Pondelak, Andreja; Kramar, Sabina; Kikelj, Martina Lesar; Škapin, Andrijana Sever

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2017.05.014

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The presence of alcohol was reported to favor the formation of calcium alkoxide, leading to the formation of a calcium carbonate polymorph rich in vaterite [ 12 ]; in fact, when calcium alkoxides were used as precursors, the crystalline structure of the obtained calcium carbonate was found to be dependent on the type of alcoholic solvent and dispersant [ 13 ]. Water-soluble calcium acetoacetate has also been explored as calcite precursor [ 14 ]. However, highly reactive treatments may result in poor penetration in small pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Water Suspensions of Nanocalcite for Cultural Heritage Applications

et al. 2018

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The consolidation of degraded carbonate stone used in ancient monuments is an important topic for European cultural heritage conservation. The products most frequently used as consolidants are based on tetraalkoxy- or alkylalkoxy-silanes (in particular tetraethyl-orthosilicate, TEOS), resulting in the formation of relatively stable amorphous silica or alkylated (hydrophobic) silica inside the stone pores. However, silica is not chemically compatible with carbonate stones; in this respect, nanocalcite may be a suitable alternative. The present work concerns the preparation of water suspensions of calcite nanoparticles (CCNPs) by controlled carbonation of slaked lime using a pilot-scale reactor. A simplified design of experiment was adopted for product optimization. Calcite nanoparticles of narrow size distribution averaging about 30 nm were successfully obtained, the concentration of the interfacial agent and the size of CaO being the most critical parameters. Primary nanoparticle aggregation causing flocculation could be substantially prevented by the addition of polymeric dispersants. Copolymer-based dispersants were produced in situ by controlled heterophase polymerisation mediated by an amphiphilic macro-RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation transfer) agent. The stabilized CCNP aqueous dispersions were then applied on carbonate and silicate substrates; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)analysis of cross-sections allowed the evaluation of pore penetration, interfacial binding, and bridging (gap-filling) properties of these novel consolidants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Water Suspensions of Nanocalcite for Cultural Heritage Applications

et al. 2018

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“…Optimization of the penetration depth and homogeneous application of nanoconsolidants remain some of the most important requirements, together with avoiding modification of the breathability of the substrate and flaking of the surface or detachment, among others. At the same time, chromatic changes caused by either nanolime concentrations or by the inclusion of NPs in the silica matrices have been reduced but not overcome . Moreover, the solvents and surfactants are potentially hazardous for living organisms and the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Nanomaterials for Restoration of Cultural Heritage: Synthesis Approaches towards Nanoconsolidants for Stone and Wall Paintings

et al. 2018

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The synthesis of inorganic nanostructured materials for the consolidation of stone and wall paintings is reviewed. To begin, a description of the methods most commonly used to prepare nanoconsolidants is provided, particularly in the frame of colloid chemistry. Some concepts of the carbonation mechanism as well as the transport properties of some of these materials are addressed. An overview of the synthesis methods together with some of the application particularities of the distinct consolidants are presented thereafter. Furthermore, the requisites for efficient consolidants and some drawbacks of the nanoconsolidants are discussed.

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“…15,16 Also, the latest practice and research in the field of wall paintings consolidation focus on nanolime as well as silicate preparations, natural remedies, or biodegradable polymers, which are safe not only for the paintings but also for human health and the environment. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In this study, we are focusing on researching color changes taking place in wall paintings as a result of their consolidation with the use of synthetic polymers and the ones resulting from the progress of degradation, with the aim of determining the actual impact of synthetic binders used as consolidants on paint layer properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color changes in wall paintings under the influence of consolidation with synthetic polymers

Bagniuk

Białek-Kostecka

Forczek-Sajdak

et al. 2019

Color Research & Application

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The aim of this study is to estimate changes of color of wall paintings under the influence of one of the basic conservation procedures, that is, paint layer consolidation due to degradation of the original binder. Since the 1960s, wall paintings have been consolidated almost routinely with synthetic polymers. As the research on the subject progressed, many flaws of these products were observed. Extensive research was conducted with the aim of determining the actual impact of synthetic binders on paint layer properties. The article discusses the results from only one group of tests associated with color change measurements. Three painting techniques were selected for the study, representing a variety of original techniques common in Poland: lime, lime casein, and animal glue, as well as five commercial synthetic products predominantly employed for painting consolidation by the Polish conservation community.We are focusing on color changes taking place as a result of consolidation and subsequent from the progress of degradation. K E Y W O R D Scolor difference,

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In-situ study of the consolidation of wall paintings using commercial and newly developed consolidants

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Preparation of Water Suspensions of Nanocalcite for Cultural Heritage Applications

Preparation of Water Suspensions of Nanocalcite for Cultural Heritage Applications

Inorganic Nanomaterials for Restoration of Cultural Heritage: Synthesis Approaches towards Nanoconsolidants for Stone and Wall Paintings

Color changes in wall paintings under the influence of consolidation with synthetic polymers

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