In situ study of rotating lattice single‐crystal formation in Sb₂S₃ glass by Laue μXRD

Abstract

Single-crystal architectures in glass, formed by a solid-solid transformation via laser heating, are novel solids with a rotating lattice. To understand the process of lattice formation that proceeds via crystal growth, we have observed in situ Sb 2 S 3 crystal formation under X-ray irradiation with simultaneous Laue micro X-ray diffraction (μXRD) pattern collection. By translating the sample with respect to the beam, we form rotating lattice single (RLS) crystal lines with a consistently linear relationship between the rotation angle and distance from nucleation site. The lines begin with a seed crystal, followed by a transition region comprising of sub-grain or very similarly oriented grains, followed by the presence of a rotating lattice single crystal of unrestricted length. The results demonstrate that the primary cause of lattice rotation within RLS crystals is the densification accompanying the glass → crystal transformation, rather than stresses produced from the difference in thermal expansion coefficient of the two phases or paraelectric → ferroelectric transition during cooling to ambient temperature.

Curved lattices of crystals formed in glass

“…Au-Yeung et al demonstrated the possibility of crystallizing glass via X-ray beam heating while also acquiring Laue diffraction patterns in real-time. 96 The authors were able to recreate Sb 2 S 3 RLS crystals in stoichiometric glass via the alternative heat source with a very small 𝜅 21 of ∼0.07 • /μm. The real-time micro-X-ray diffraction attached to the fabrication of these particular crystals allowed scientific exploration well beyond just real-time lattice curvature quantification.…”

“…There is a drastic difference of the lattice curvature magnitude depending on the nature of said heat source, typically 0-20 • /μm for electron beam, 95 0-3 • /μm for laser, 30 and <0.1 • /μm for X-rays. 96 Although these experiments cannot be directly compared, the presence of lattice curvature is agnostic to the heat source and may be regarded effectively as a thermal effect. The reason for the dramatic differences in magnitudes is currently unknown but is expected to be a result of the corresponding temperature profiles induced by the specific radiation source.…”

“…Au‐Yeung et al. demonstrated the possibility of crystallizing glass via X‐ray beam heating while also acquiring Laue diffraction patterns in real‐time 96 . The authors were able to recreate Sb 2 S 3 RLS crystals in stoichiometric glass via the alternative heat source with a very small $${{{\kappa}}_{21}}$$ of ∼0.07°/μm.…”

“…Data exist for Sb 2 S 3 crystalized by all three heating sources. There is a drastic difference of the lattice curvature magnitude depending on the nature of said heat source, typically 0–20°/μm for electron beam, 95 0–3°/μm for laser, 30 and <0.1°/μm for X‐rays 96 . Although these experiments cannot be directly compared, the presence of lattice curvature is agnostic to the heat source and may be regarded effectively as a thermal effect.…”

Optical and electronic functionality arising from controlled defect formation in nanoscale complex oxide lateral epitaxy

“…Instead, in general, plastic deformation occurs and defects arising from the density differences in epitaxy appear in complex and binary oxides, biomaterials, elemental semiconductors, and chalcogenides (4,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). A further common result of the formation of defects during epitaxial growth low-symmetry nanoscale environments is the development of mesoscopic structural effects including a rotation of the crystal lattice (22,23,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”