In Situ Study of Degradation in P3HT–Titania-Based Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Song, Lin; Wang, Weijia; Pröller, Stephan; González, Daniel Moseguí; Schlipf, Johannes; Schaffer, Christoph J.; Peters, Kristina; Herzig, Eva M.; Bernstorff, Sigrid; Bein, Thomas; Fattakhova‐Rohlfing, Dina; Müller‐Buschbaum, Peter

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00117

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The combination of sol–gel chemistry with an amphiphilic block copolymer acting as a structure‐directing template was proven to be a promising route for producing nanostructured TiO 2 films . The obtained sol‐gel solution can be directly deposited by various film fabrication techniques, such as spin coating, solution casting, doctor blading, spray coating, or inkjet printing …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO₂ Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Song

Bießmann

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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to these advantages, they contribute to a wide range of applications, such as in the field of photocatalysis, [5] gas sensing, [6] lithium-ion batteries, [7] supercapacitors, [8] and biomaterials. [9] In addition, nanostructured TiO 2 , especially in its anatase polymorph, has attracted great attention in the field of photovoltaics due to its wide bandgap, high electron mobility, and long chargecarrier lifetime. [10][11][12][13] As electron transport layer in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and hybrid solar cells, nanostructured TiO 2 films with a high surface-to-volume area and interconnected network are desirable because they hold the potential to improve the generation of charge carriers and inhibit electron-hole recombination. [14,15] The combination of sol-gel chemistry with an amphiphilic block copolymer acting as a structure-directing template was proven to be a promising route for producing nanostructured TiO 2 films. [16][17][18][19][20] The obtained sol-gel solution can be directly deposited by various film fabrication techniques, such as spin coating, [21] solution casting, [22] doctor blading, [23] spray coating, [24] or inkjet printing. [25] To date, most attention of such kind of wet chemical TiO 2 film fabrication has only been paid to laboratory-scale Mesoporous titania films with tailored nanostructures are fabricated via slot-die printing, which is a simple and cost-effective thin-film deposition technique with the possibility of a large-scale manufacturing. Based on this technique, which is favorable in industry, TiO 2 films possess the similar advantage with polymer semiconducting devices like ease of large-scale production. The titania morphologies, including foam-like nanostructures, nanowire aggregates, collapsed vesicles and nanogranules, are achieved via a so-called block-copolymer-assisted sol-gel synthesis. By adjusting the weight fraction of reactants, the ternary morphology phase diagram of the printed titania films is probed after template removal. The surface and inner morphology evolutions are explored with scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. Special focus is set on foam-like titania nanostructures as they are of especial interest for, e.g., solar cell applications. At a low weight fraction of the titania precursor titanium(IV)isopropoxide (TTIP), foam-like titania films are achieved, which exhibit a high uniformity and possess large pore sizes. The anatase phase of the highly crystalline titania films is verified with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO₂ Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Song

Bießmann

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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“…We prepare mesoporous titania films with a foam‐like morphology by sol–gel chemistry in combination with the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐ block ‐polyethylene oxide (PS‐ b ‐PEO) acting as structure‐directing agent. The so‐called block‐copolymer‐assisted sol–gel synthesis allows tuning of the morphology of the titania films with structures ranging from nanogranules to nanoscale vesicles . In particular, foam‐like nanostructures exhibiting an interconnected network are desirable in photovoltaic applications, as they can provide a high surface‐to‐volume ratio and continuous paths for charge‐carrier transport .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The so-calledb lock-copolymer-assisted sol-gels ynthesis allows tuning of the morphologyo ft he titania films with structures ranging from nanogranules to nanoscale vesicles. [28,[35][36][37] In particular,f oam-like nanostructures exhibiting an interconnected network are desirable in photovoltaic applications,a st hey can provide ah igh surface-to-volume ratio and continuous paths for charge-carrier transport. [30,38,39] As pecialt itania precursor,e thylene glycolm odified titanate (EGMT), imparts crystallinity upon the sol-gel-derived titania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Imprinting of Channel‐Type Superstructures in Nanostructured Titania Thin Films at Low Temperatures for Hybrid Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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Hierarchically structured titania films, exhibiting interconnected foam-like nanostructures and large-scale channel-type superstructures, were achieved in an energy-saving way at low temperatures by a polymer template-assisted sol-gel synthesis in combination with a wet-imprinting process. The surface morphology was probed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, whereas the inner morphology was characterized with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Compared to the initial hybrid films, the titania films showed reduced structure sizes caused by removal of the polymer template. UV/Vis measurements showed an additional light-scattering effect at various angles of light incidence in the hierarchically structured titania films, which resulted in higher light absorption in the wet-imprinted active layer. To give proof of viability, the titania films were evaluated as photoanodes for dye-free hybrid solar cells. The dye-free layout allowed for low-cost fabrication, avoided problems related to dye bleaching, and was a more environmentally friendly alternative to using dyes. Under different angles of light incidence, the enhancement in the short-circuit current density was in good agreement with the improvement in light absorption in the superstructured active layer, demonstrating a positive impact of the superstructures on the photovoltaic performance of hybrid solar cells.

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“…For example, due to a Schottky barrier between titania and noble metals, Pt, Au, Pd, and/or Ag doped mesoporous titania showed an enhanced photocatalytic activity . By fabricating mesopores with large size and/or introducing superstructures with well‐defined structural order, modified mesoporous titania photoanodes gave better performance in photovoltaic applications . Doping mesoporous titania with metal and/or nonmetal is labeled as an emerging technology for producing anode materials of lithium‐ion batteries.…”

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“…The mesoporous titania films are prepared via block copolymer assisted sol–gel synthesis using the diblock copolymer polydimethyl siloxane‐block‐methyl methacrylate polyethylene oxide (PDMS‐ b ‐MA(PEO)). Such block copolymer templating was shown to allow for obtaining interconnected titania networks with a tunable nanostructure and mesopore size . In the context of structure deformation, two types of mesoporous titania films are compared to probe the influence of the annealing atmosphere.…”

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Deformation of Mesoporous Titania Nanostructures in Contact with D₂O Vapor

Song

Rawolle

Hohn

et al. 2018

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For many applications, mesoporous titania nanostructures are exposed to water or need to be backfilled via infiltration with an aqueous solution, which can cause deformations of the nanostructure by capillary forces. In this work, the degree of deformation caused by water infiltration in two types of mesoporous, nanostructured titania films exposed to water vapor is compared. The different types of nanostructured titania films are prepared via a polymer template assisted sol-gel synthesis in conjunction with a polymer-template removal at high-temperatures under ambient conditions versus nitrogen atmosphere. Information about surface and inner morphology is extracted by scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) measurements, respectively. Furthermore, complementary information on thin film composition and porosity are probed via X-ray reflectivity. The backfilling induced deformation of near surface structures and structures inside the mesoporous titania films is determined by GISANS before and after D O infiltration. The respective atmosphere used for template removal influences the details of the titania nanostructure and strongly impacts the degree of water induced deformation. Drying of the films shows reversibility of the deformation.

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In Situ Study of Degradation in P3HT–Titania-Based Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO₂ Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO₂ Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Wet Imprinting of Channel‐Type Superstructures in Nanostructured Titania Thin Films at Low Temperatures for Hybrid Solar Cells

Deformation of Mesoporous Titania Nanostructures in Contact with D₂O Vapor

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In Situ Study of Degradation in P3HT–Titania-Based Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO2 Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO2 Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Wet Imprinting of Channel‐Type Superstructures in Nanostructured Titania Thin Films at Low Temperatures for Hybrid Solar Cells

Deformation of Mesoporous Titania Nanostructures in Contact with D2O Vapor

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Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO₂ Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Morphology Phase Diagram of Slot‐Die Printed TiO₂ Films Based on Sol–Gel Synthesis

Deformation of Mesoporous Titania Nanostructures in Contact with D₂O Vapor