In situ source–template-interface reaction route to hollow ZrO2 microspheres with mesoporous shells

Synthesis of ZrO2 nanowires by ionic-liquid route

“…12c when using the ZrO 2 nanowire-modified graphite electrode, suggesting that V could more efficiently accumulated on the surface of ZrO 2 nanowires modified graphite electrode. To distinguish whether this enhanced property was caused by nanowires structure or zirconia itself, the graphite electrode was also modified by a commercial ZrO 2 powder (monoclinic) with a specific surface area of 2 m 2 g −1 , and monoclinic ZrO 2 hollow microspheres (98 m 2 g −1 ) synthesized in our laboratory [27]. No enhancement of the electrochemical reduction of V(V) to V(II) on the surface of these modified graphite electrodes was observed.…”

Template-free solvothermal synthesis of size-controlled yttria-stabilized-zirconia hollow spheres

“…The routes to prepare hollow structures involve templates [21,24,25] and template-free methods [26][27][28][29]. In previous reports, both templates [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and template-free [38] methods have been applied in the preparation of hollow zirconia spheres. However, most of the synthetic processes are complicated and costly, for example, polystyrene/ZrO 2 [32], carbon/ZrO 2 [30], SiO 2 /ZrO 2 [31], and Fe 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 [17] spheres were firstly prepared, and calcining, alkaline or acid etching was used to remove the hard templates.…”

“…Alternatively, a precursor (Zr(OH) 4 or ZrOC 2 O 4 hollow spheres) was prepared firstly, then ZrO 2 hollow spheres were obtained by calcining [33,38]. Although Li and co-workers [34] have prepared hollow ZrO 2 microspheres with a size in the range of 1.0-2.0 m through an in situ sourcetemplate-interface reaction route, the uniformity and size of the hollow zirconia spheres could not be controlled. Therefore, finding a simple method to prepare ZrO 2 hollow spheres with controllable size and excellent uniformity still remains great challenge.…”

Preparation of porous zirconia microspheres via emulsion method combined with phase separation

“…Due to the unique characteristics, ZrO 2 porous microspheres have a wide range of applications in the sensitive material, biochemistry [15], catalytic material [16], thermal and sound barrier coatings [17], etc. However, the most present studies mainly focus on the preparation of porous organic microspheres and ignore the field of porous metal oxide spheres, especially ZrO 2 [18][19][20][21].…”