In-situ size control and structural characterization of barium titanate nanocrystal prepared by crystallization of amorphous phase

Influence of Adsorbate-Induced Charge Screening, Depolarization Factor, Mobile Carrier Concentration, and Defect-Induced Microstrain on the Size Effect of a BaTiO3Nanoparticle

“…It becomes cubic above the Curie temperature (393 K), and the spontaneous polarization disappears due to the higher symmetry of the crystal structure. The numerous experimental results have indicated that a BaTiO 3 single crystal becomes cubic at room temperature when the crystal size is smaller than a critical one, which is called the size effect. − The critical size is, however, largely different for different experiments and ranges from about 5 to 200 nm. − What is the reason for the large diversity in the critical size?…”

Effects of Surface Area of Titanium Dioxide Precursors on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Barium Titanate by Dissolution–Precipitation

“…32−34 Many researchers have reported the size-tunable synthesis of barium titanate nanoparticles using various methods. 35,36 The objective of our study is to investigate the formation mechanism of barium titanate synthesized by the hydrothermal method using three types of titanium dioxide precursors with different sizes and shapes as starting materials.…”

Dipole–Dipole Interaction Model for Oriented Attachment of BaTiO3 Nanocrystals: A Route to Mesocrystal Formation

“…In the present study, electric dipole–dipole interaction model for a collision between two particles has been numerically studied to see the mechanism of oriented attachment of BaTiO 3 nanocrystals under the experimental condition of Dang et al − In the model, it has been assumed that a BaTiO 3 nanocrystal has an electric dipole moment (spontaneous polarization). It has been experimentally reported, however, that the crystal structure of BaTiO 3 is cubic below certain critical size of BaTiO 3 nanocrystals. − It means that BaTiO 3 nanocrystals below the critical size may not have spontaneous polarization . The critical size strongly depends on amounts of defects and impurities .…”

“…The critical size strongly depends on amounts of defects and impurities . The reported critical size for BaTiO 3 ranges from 10 to 120 nm. − There has been no experimental report on the presence of spontaneous polarization at the crystal size of ∼5 nm partially because it is difficult to measure spontaneous polarization for such a small size. , …”