In situ site preservation in the unsaturated zone: Avaldsnes

Martens, Vibeke Vandrup; Bergersen, Ove

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.10.031

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Environmental monitoring of archaeological deposits has been carried out in Norway for a several decades, the first project in the medieval town of Trondheim started in 1996 (Peacock 2002;Petersén & Bergersen 2012), followed by a site in the medieval town Tønsberg in 1999 (Reed & Martens 2008), and the largest Norwegian urban monitoring project started at the World Heritage Site Bryggen in Bergen in 2000 (Matthiesen 2004;Rytter & Schonhowd 2015). Some monitoring has been performed in Oslo (Martens et al, 2012) and at a few heritage sites outside urban settings (Martens & Bergersen 2015;Martens 2016). These latter started our work on how climate change might impact in situ site heritage protection in the Nordic countries the future, and a concern about already visible impacts on sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring as a tool to evaluate preservation possibilities. Results from the CULTCOAST project

Martens

Krangnes

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The CULTCOAST research project has installed environmental monitoring equipment at two cultural heritage sites in northern Norway: one at the coal mine site of Hiorthhamn on Svalbard, one at the settlement mound site Sjåberget on Andøya in Nordland County. Both these coastal heritage sites are situated north of the Arctic circle, in the areas most impacted by climate change. Whereas the global temperature increase since 1970 is just above 1°C, in Svalbard the increase is now 4°C. This is the first example of using this specific type of sensors to monitor the ongoing changes and their possible impacts on preservation of heritage sites.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring as a tool to evaluate preservation possibilities. Results from the CULTCOAST project

Martens

Krangnes

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Three trenches were opened, one in the south-western and one in the eastern parts of the mound; additionally, the survey trench from 2006 in the south-east was reopened. The first trench was only partly excavated; archaeological documentation was recorded, and probes were installed for a long-term monitoring of preservation of cultural deposits (Martens and Bergersen 2015). The remaining trenches were fully excavated and samples were taken from the sections through the mound to conduct analyses of palynology, macrofossils, micromorphology, and soil chemistry.…”

Section: The Kjellerhaug Grave Moundmentioning

confidence: 99%

12. Grave Monuments at Avaldsnes

Østmo¹,

Bauer²

2017

Avaldsnes - A Sea-Kings' Manor in First-Millennium Western Scandinavia

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At least 36 graves are known from Avaldsnes headland and the immediately adjacent islets and islands. These include two monumental mounds, a raised stones monument, four stone packings, and 15 mounds or cairns that have been identified based on morphological traits across the headland; written sources account for one additional eradicated mound with a raised stone. Several of the monuments contained multiple burials. In addition, four stray finds likely representing graves have not been securely connected to known monuments. Most of these graves have not been the objective of professional excavations, although some documentation is preserved from the 19th-century excavation in Flaghaug. Nine of the graves of various forms were excavated or superficially examined professionally in the 20th century, in addition to the limited excavations of the remains of Flaghaug and Kjellerhaug grave mounds by Avaldsnes Royal Manor Project in 2011-12. The aim of the Flaghaug investigation was to obtain information on its construction and to assess the potential for recovery of artefacts from the remains. The details of the individual secondary burials in Flaghaug are published by Frans-Arne Stylegar and Håkon Reiersen in this volume. The aim of the investigation of Kjellerhaug was to reveal the construction details and stratigraphic relations of the mound as well as to recover datable material in order to obtain a more precise date for the monument. Although the excavations were limited in scope, they succeeded in providing datings of the monuments, along with insights into the landscape and the monuments' history. This chapter also provides an overview of all recorded graves and grave finds at Avaldsnes, which forms the basis for discussing the development of the ritual landscape at Avaldsnes and its relation to the contemporary settlement. The large number of grave monuments at Avaldsnes demonstrates the site's importance in terms of ritual activity and demarcation of social status in the Bronze and Iron Ages. The large grave mounds and the raised-stone monument held a special position, in part due to their clear visibility to people sailing through the strait.

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“…Husbandry as a main subsistence factor is the major reason for the fixation of settlement and the subsequent formation of the farm mounds (Bertelsen, 1984(Bertelsen, , 1989(Bertelsen, , 2011Lind, 2002). The fixation of settlements may further find its cause in more structured rights of property and a strict social hierarchy, which again caused a need for optimal use of the arable land and building on the non-arable land (Martens, 2015). A farm mound or settlement mound may support only a single farm, or several farms clustered together.…”

Section: Farm Moundsmentioning

confidence: 99%