In situ Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicon Anode Reactions in Lithium-Ion Batteries during Charge/Discharge Processes

Chen, Chih-Yao; Sano, Teruki; Tsuda, Tetsuya; Ui, Koichi; Oshima, Yoshifumi; Yamagata, Masaki; Ishikawa, Masashi; Haruta, Masakazu; Doi, Takayuki; Inaba, Masaaki; Kuwabata, Susumu

doi:10.1038/srep36153

Cited by 74 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The amount of Li consumed in this process was quantified in their study. It should be noted that with the assistance of many in situ characterization techniques, such as in situ NMR, in situ atomic force microscopy, and in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the understanding of reaction mechanism of Si in LIB are becoming more approachable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications

Feng

Liu

et al. 2018

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Silicon has been intensively studied as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) because of its exceptionally high specific capacity. However, silicon-based anode materials usually suffer from large volume change during the charge and discharge process, leading to subsequent pulverization of silicon, loss of electric contact, and continuous side reactions. These transformations cause poor cycle life and hinder the wide commercialization of silicon for LIBs. The lithiation and delithiation behaviors, and the interphase reaction mechanisms, are progressively studied and understood. Various nanostructured silicon anodes are reported to exhibit both superior specific capacity and cycle life compared to commercial carbon-based anodes. However, some practical issues with nanostructured silicon cannot be ignored, and must be addressed if it is to be widely used in commercial LIBs. This Review outlines major impactful work on silicon-based anodes, and the most recent research directions in this field, specifically, the engineering of silicon architectures, the construction of silicon-based composites, and other performance-enhancement studies including electrolytes and binders. The burgeoning research efforts in the development of practical silicon electrodes, and full-cell silicon-based LIBs are specially stressed, which are key to the successful commercialization of silicon anodes, and large-scale deployment of next-generation high energy density LIBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications

Feng

Liu

et al. 2018

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757

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“…In contrast to intercalation‐type reactions in layered anode materials, the inherent alloying/dealloying process in Si involves intense crystal restructuring and phase transformation in bulk materials, which leads to well‐known dramatic volume changes. This process is harmful to the longevity of Si‐based LIBs since it causes severe pulverization ( Figure A) and even disconnects Si particles from each other or from the current collector in the battery module, as shown in Figure B . Subsequently, the ion and electron transport are limited due to the loss of electrical contact.…”

Section: Fundamental Understanding Of Fading Mechanism In Silicon‐basmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high‐performance Si‐based LIB is also described by its capacity retention (generally refers to the ratio of the last cycle discharge capacity to the first charge capacity) and cyclic life, which involve processes that occur during long‐term cycling of LIBs. For long‐term and real‐time tracking of Si‐based materials in a full cell without battery disassembly, various in situ characterization methods have been developed, and the long‐term compositional and structural changes in Si‐based materials can be successfully discerned during real‐time charge/discharge processes with the recording of electrochemical data …”

Section: Fundamental Understanding Of Fading Mechanism In Silicon‐basmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Si‐based LIBs face great challenges because they suffer from severe volume changes (up to ≈300%) induced by Li−Si alloying processes during charge and discharge cycles, which leads to considerable capacity fading. This raises the necessity of understanding the fading process associated with specific capacity loss in batteries upon cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Advanced Characterization Methods for Silicon‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Ma²,

Liu

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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With the remarkably large theoretical specific capacity of silicon (Si), Si‐based rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted great interest, as they are expected to meet the growing demand for large‐scale energy storage devices, electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices with high energy density. However, the Si‐based LIB faces great challenges due to the cyclic volume changes induced by Si, which lead to considerable capacity fading. To facilitate the use of high‐performance LIBs enabled by Si‐based anodes, understanding the fading mechanism is necessary. In this regard, various advanced characterization methods have been developed to reveal the fading mechanism and to develop a modification strategy associated with compositional and structural evolution. In this review, the general understanding of the fading mechanism and the technical specifications of Si‐based LIBs are discussed. The recent progress in advanced characterization methods for Si‐based LIBs is summarized with respect to the achievements in compositional and structural interpretation. Several possible future research directions for Si‐based LIBs and the expected development trends in relevant characterization methods are also discussed.

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“…Particularly, the development of techniques that enable spatial resolved measurements such as in situ TEM and in situ X-ray tomography are necessary. [3][4][5] The Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques are powerful tools to investigate in a non-invasive way the elemental distributions and the composition of a material. To this purpose, the object to be analyzed is probed by a beam of accelerated particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando analysis of lithium profiles in Li-ion batteries using nuclear microanalysis

Surblé

Paireau

Martin

et al. 2018

Journal of Power Sources

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HIGHLIGHT  Operando observation of lithium and fluorine concentrations and distributions in lithium-ion battery  Direct visualization and characterization of the electrode/electrolyte interface  Elemental characterization of LiFePO 4 electrodes  Development of an in situ or operando electrochemical cell for profiling lithium using Ion Beam Analysis techniques ABSTRACT A wide variety of analytical methods are used for studying the behavior of lithium-ion batteries and particularly the lithium ion distribution in the electrodes. However, the development of in situ / operando techniques proved powerful to understand the mechanisms responsible for the lithium trapping and then the aging phenomenon. Herein, we report the design of an electrochemical cell to profile operando lithium concentration in LiFePO 4 electrodes using Ion Beam Analysis techniques. The specificity of the cell resides in its ability to not only provide qualitative information about the elements present but above all to measure quantitatively their content in the electrode at different states of charge of the battery. The nuclear methods give direct information about the degradation of the electrolyte and particularly reveal inhomogeneous distributions of lithium and fluorine along the entire thickness of the electrode. Higher concentrations of fluorine is detected near the electrode/electrolyte interface while a depletion of lithium is observed near the current collector at high states of charge.

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In situ Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicon Anode Reactions in Lithium-Ion Batteries during Charge/Discharge Processes

Cited by 74 publications

References 51 publications

Silicon‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications

Silicon‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications

Recent Progress in Advanced Characterization Methods for Silicon‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Operando analysis of lithium profiles in Li-ion batteries using nuclear microanalysis

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