In-situ rheological and structural characterization of milk foams in a commercial foaming device

Shear modulus and yield stress of foams: contribution of interfacial elasticity

“…16 and 20, except for the reconstituted whole milk foams, which were produced in a commercial milk whipper (Aeroccino4, Nespresso), as described in. 17 Recording of foam age was started once the filter funnel was completely filled with foam and the nitrogen flow was stopped or the whipper stopped the foaming process. The ratios between foam and solution conductivity during free drainage of the foams were measured at the center of the foam column using a rod-shaped electrode with 5 mm measuring gap width connected to a conductivity meter (Inlab731 and SevenCompact S230, Mettler Toledo).…”

“…The foam yield stress was either measured with the same plate-plate setup or with a four bladed vane rotor (36 mm diameter, 9 mm height) submerged into the foaming apparatus as described in ref. 17. The shear stress was increased in 12 steps between 0.1 Pa and 100 Pa and the deformation was recorded during a total measuring time of 60 s. The yield stress t y was determined from logarithmically plotted deformation versus shear stress data using the tangent intersection method.…”

Analysis of a model for surfactant transport around a foam meniscus

“…As well as being familiar in everyday life [2][3][4][5] and useful in myriad industrial processes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], foams have long held a fascination for physicists. The reason for 2022 The Authors.…”