In-situ resource utilization technologies for Mars life support systems

Sridhar, K.; Finn, John E.; Kliss, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00955-2

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Studies of flow/transport/reaction phenomena in hypogravity/microgravity [in short μ‐gravity] for space applications are of particular significance for life support systems, e.g., Advanced Life Support,1–6 Low Earth Orbit,7 In‐situ Resource Utilization8, 9 and Human Exploration & Development Space5 programs. Of equal importance is the study in μ‐gravity of multiphase reactors to understand their behavior in non‐terrene conditions in support of long‐duration human missions in space 10, 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic emulation of microgravity for earth‐bound multiphase catalytic reactor studies—Potentialities and limitations

Larachi

Munteanu

2009

AIChE Journal

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A method is proposed to generate Earth‐bound artificial microgravity in a controlled facility capable of emulating lunar/Martian gravity or microgravity for experiments on passive/reactive catalytic multiphase flows. Its applicability was illustrated for trickle beds where flowing gas and liquid experience artificial microgravity inside the bore of a superconducting magnet generating large gradient magnetic fields to compensate for gravity. Artificial gravity is realized by commuting into apparent gravity acceleration the magnetization force at work on common “chemical engineering” non‐magnetic fluids. The scaling property to be matched and maintained invariant in multiphase systems to achieve magnetic mimicry is phasic mass magnetic susceptibility. Hydrodynamic (liquid holdup, wetting efficiency, pressure drop) as well as catalytic reaction (conversion and selectivity) measurements were obtained. The main finding is a proof that magnetic fields affect reactor outcomes exclusively via hydrodynamic phenomena making them appealing proxies for emulating non‐terrene reactor applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic emulation of microgravity for earth‐bound multiphase catalytic reactor studies—Potentialities and limitations

Larachi

Munteanu

2009

AIChE Journal

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“…A preliminary functional specification and architecture for the CAB system has been defined, as part of a planetary human base (moon/Mars) (Schwartz et al 1994, Lasseur et al 1996, Paille et al 1999, Sridhar et al 1999, Hublitz et al 2004, Garland 2007, Teixeira 2007. A higher plants growth facility has been considered as the core biological element of CAB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the moment, the presence of the crew inside the CAB system is assumed to be in the order of some hours per day. The environment will then be optimized for the growth of the biological systems, allowing at the same time temporary accessibility by the crew (Barta & Henninger 1995, Bubenheim & Lewis 1997, Sridhar et al 1999, Czupalla et al 2005, He et al 2006.…”

Section: Cab Functional Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant bioregenerative life supports: The Italian CAB Project

Lobascio

Lamantea

Cotronei

et al. 2007

Journal of Plant Interactions

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The sectors of technological and scientific concern are practically all the ones typical for life support systems in the frame of long duration human missions; i.e., food production, in particular via the cultivation of higher plants, and food management; air regeneration (production of O 2 , removal of CO 2 , trace gas control); water regeneration (urine processing, gray water processing, potable water management); solid waste processing; resources allocation and storage; control of environmental conditions (Thermal-hygrometric, light, pressure, radiation, etc).

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“…These issues regarding material have been a primary concern of those studying closed systems. [15][16][17] Another important feature is human/machine interaction, how the crew is able to interact with the computer interface, such as via speech or handwriting recognition, in an efficient and hopefully entertaining manner in order to increase and maintain safety. [18][19][20][21] The second interacting block is that of external stability issues.…”

Section: Critical Instabilities For Reduced Resources Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Support Systems Functional Stability and Human Control Limitations: An Astrosociological Approach

Marsh¹,

Rygalov²,

Livingston³

2008

AIAA SPACE 2008 Conference &Amp; Exposition

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In order to pursue space colonization, long duration spaceflight, and human missions to Mars, we will need closed ecological life support systems which provide sustainable use of limited resources. While such systems are in various stages of development, we lack knowledge regarding the functional stability of closed ecological life support systems (CES) for long-duration space missions. Our global Earth Biosphere CES functioning is based upon statistical regulations, which are provided by planetary buffers. All current deviations caused by human activity are currently absorbed by these 'planetary buffers'. Man-made Closed Ecosystems function at the limits of their natural stability due to insufficient buffer capacities and thus needs to be replaced or supplemented by other more appropriate control approaches. Previous research has indicated that purposeful control from human can increase stability levels if specific algorithms compatible to natural mechanisms are applied. Theoretical analysis is being done on data obtained in different Closed Ecosystems and has been shown that certain limits of functional stability exist for each specific system in terms of average material cycle rate and range of fluctuations. These limits are determined by: the system's buffer capacities, the slowest (basic) material cycle in the system, natural structure of the circulating chemical elements cycles and Human Factors material load. Numerical estimates are provided for carbon cycles and it has been shown that stability of cycles in man-made ecosystems are more than a thousand times less than for global planetary cycles. Human Control could increase this low level of stability tremendously, but requires a certain level of understanding for closed material cycles development inside each specific system. This presentation will primarily discuss interactions between smallscale human crews and the available limited resources required for a CES functioning. Since there are limited resources in a CES, instead of continuously increasing consumption as would be possible in an unlimited environment, self-sustainable behaviors/activities must be practiced. This paper will address the limitations for human adaptation in a space environment and how to optimize human and environment interaction in a CES. Applications to manned space exploration will be considered in the context of understanding human motivation.

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In-situ resource utilization technologies for Mars life support systems

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

Magnetic emulation of microgravity for earth‐bound multiphase catalytic reactor studies—Potentialities and limitations

Magnetic emulation of microgravity for earth‐bound multiphase catalytic reactor studies—Potentialities and limitations

Plant bioregenerative life supports: The Italian CAB Project

Life Support Systems Functional Stability and Human Control Limitations: An Astrosociological Approach

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