In situ resin‐injection approach for repairing barely visible impact damaged carbon‐fiber reinforced epoxy laminates: Optimizing the repair parameters using <scp>T</scp>aguchi method

Lai, Wei Liang; Saeedipour, H.; Wong, Wai Leong Eugene; Goh, Kheng Lim

doi:10.1002/pc.27327

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…During the application of resin‐injection, with respect to the shear thinning effect, low shear rates indicated that lower pressure is required to inject the adhesive into the cracks, while higher shear rates suggested the need for higher pressure to inject the adhesive into the cracks 18 . It is crucial to note that injecting adhesive into the crack of CFRP structure at high pressure should be avoided, as it may lead to crack expansion and further propagations of damage 17,60 . Therefore, for effective infiltration of the adhesive into the crack network, it is essential for the adhesive to exhibit low viscosity at low shear rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 It is crucial to note that injecting adhesive into the crack of CFRP structure at high pressure should be avoided, as it may lead to crack expansion and further propagations of damage. 17,60 Therefore, for effective infiltration of the adhesive into the crack network, it is essential for the adhesive to exhibit low viscosity at low shear rates. (d) The neat DGEBA adhesive and adhesive with 1, 3, and 5 wt% HNTs are suitable for repairing damaged CFRP structures.…”

Section: Rheological Properties Of Adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental assessment on the mechanical, physical, thermal, and chemical properties of halloysite and carbon nanoparticles reinforced epoxy resins for repair applications

Lai

Sachdeva

Tan

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are potential nanoparticles that can be incorporated into polymer adhesives to enhance their performance for repairing damaged composite structures. However, the nanoparticle adhesive blends need to be assessed as their performance may be affected by the preparation techniques, nanoparticles types, and mass concentration. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties (specifically tensile and adhesion properties), physical properties (including wetting and rheological characteristics), thermal properties, and chemical properties of two commercially available adhesives, namely Epo‐Tek 301 (consists of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resin, known as DGEBA) and Nano‐Force E100 (consists of bisphenol A/F epichlorohydrin premixed with CNTs). Furthermore, DGEBA adhesive with 1, 3, 5, and 9 wt% HNTs, and DGEBA adhesive with 1 wt% of treated and untreated CNTs were prepared. The findings revealed that there were no appreciable differences in the mechanical, physical, thermal, and chemical properties between the neat DGEBA and DGEBA with 1 wt% HNTs. However, the mechanical and physical properties deteriorated, and the char yield increased after thermal degradation for adhesives containing more than 1 wt% HNTs. On the other hand, no enhancement in all properties was observed for adhesives containing CNTs. Moreover, the adhesives containing CNTs exhibited higher viscosity than Nano‐Force E100, which could hinder resin infiltration for composite repair applications. Therefore, the types of adhesive to be used for repairing impact‐damaged composite structures must be prudently selected.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rheological Properties Of Adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment on the mechanical, physical, thermal, and chemical properties of halloysite and carbon nanoparticles reinforced epoxy resins for repair applications

Lai

Sachdeva

Tan

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous studies have been conducted on quasistatic indentation testing and the detection of local damage in polymer matrix composites. 15,16 This damage may manifest itself in a variety of ways, including cracking, debonding, and breaking, all of which have an impact on the composite's strength and stiffness. Jayababu et al 17 examined the indentation resistance of UD and CP GFRP laminates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of adhesively bonded external hybrid patches on the residual strength of repaired glass/epoxy‐curved laminates

Venkatesan,

Vellayaraj

2023

Polymer Composites

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Composite materials are increasingly used in aircraft structural components with complex structures like L, C, or T shapes, which can cause delamination failure in the thickness direction under complex loading. This research focuses on the experimental investigation of the effect of different adhesive reinforcement phases with an adhesively bonded external patch to examine the residual strength and delamination resistance of repaired glass/epoxy curved samples. The damaged region in curved samples was repaired using adhesive reinforcement phases like neat epoxy, chopped glass fiber, and particulate glass fiber, along with adhesively bonded external patches like hybrid patches of glass/Kevlar (HP G/K), glass/carbon (HP G/C), and intraply patch carbon/Kevlar (IP C/K). The findings show that chopped glass fiber HP G/C patch‐repaired curved samples had a curved beam strength (CBS) and interlaminar tensile strength (ILTS) recovery of 222.87% and 149.54%, respectively, as compared to damage area removed samples. In addition, it exhibited higher peak force, residual strength, and less elongation when compared to HP G/K and IP C/K patch‐repaired curved samples. According to the findings of this research, composite angle brackets in aircraft structural components can be repaired utilizing an adhesively bonded HP G/C patch filled with chopped glass fiber at the dressed site.Highlights The effect of patch hybridization on repaired curved laminates was studied. Four‐point bending test was conducted on indented and repaired samples. Residual strength and delamination behavior were studied. Chopped glass fiber HP G/C patch repaired samples had higher CBS and ILTS. Delamination onset and propagation were assessed using Photographic images.

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Global sensitivity analysis of complex moduli of carbon fiber reinforced polymer

et al. 2023

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Global sensitivity analysis of complex moduli of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is performed by using variance‐based sensitivity analysis. Twelve material properties of matrix and fiber are selected as input arguments, including fiber volume fraction, three matrix properties, and eight carbon fiber properties. Ten thousand samples are generated with Sobol sequence. Based on the correspondence principle, six complex moduli of unidirectional CFRP, and two complex moduli of quasi‐isotropic laminate, orthogonal laminate, and symmetric laminate with different fiber angles are predicted using the generalized method of cells and classical laminate theory. The sensitivity indexes of all input arguments are calculated. The results show that the loss factors of CFRP are mainly affected by the matrix loss factor and fiber axial loss factor, and slightly affected by the fiber transverse loss factor.Highlights Sensitivity analysis reveals key factors influencing CFRP complex moduli. Impact of fiber and matrix properties on CFRP damping revealed. Insights for high‐damping and high‐stiffness CFRP development. Enhanced understanding of energy absorption mechanisms. Uncovering the dominant role of matrix and fiber axial properties in damping.

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In situ resin‐injection approach for repairing barely visible impact damaged carbon‐fiber reinforced epoxy laminates: Optimizing the repair parameters using Taguchi method

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental assessment on the mechanical, physical, thermal, and chemical properties of halloysite and carbon nanoparticles reinforced epoxy resins for repair applications

Experimental assessment on the mechanical, physical, thermal, and chemical properties of halloysite and carbon nanoparticles reinforced epoxy resins for repair applications

The effect of adhesively bonded external hybrid patches on the residual strength of repaired glass/epoxy‐curved laminates

Global sensitivity analysis of complex moduli of carbon fiber reinforced polymer

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