In situ quantitative visualization and characterization of chitosan electrodeposition with paired sidewall electrodes

Cheng, Yi; Luo, Xiaolong; Betz, Jordan; Buckhout‐White, Susan; Bekdash, Omar; Payne, Gregory F.; Bentley, William E.; Rubloff, Gary W.

doi:10.1039/c0sm00124d

Cited by 152 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Conveniently, the pH range at which the sol-gel transition takes place is close to that in which most biological components function optimally. This makes the process ideal for the retention of functionality during assembly 6 . Alginate film formation is facilitated by the anodic electrolysis of water as well as the presence of calcium carbonate 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first step, electrodeposition, takes place through the triggered self-assembly of biopolymers, alginate and chitosan in our studies, in response to an electrical signal. As stated earlier a pH gradient is generated which can be controlled by the current density and deposition time, providing additional control over the film dimensions and properties 6,17 . We have found that a variety of current density and deposition time combinations can be used for the electrodes indicated in Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness of these hydrogels is determined by the extent to which the pH gradient extends from the electrode. This can be modified using varying current densities and deposition times 6,7 . This protocol will describe how chitosan films are deposited and functionalized by covalently attaching biological components to the abundant primary amine groups present on the film through either enzymatic or electrochemical methods 9,10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assembly process consists of the electrodeposition of biocompatible stimuli-responsive polymer films on electrodes and their subsequent functionalization with biological components such as DNA, enzymes, or live cells 4,5 . Electrodeposition takes advantage of the pH gradient created at the surface of a biased electrode from the electrolysis of water 6,7 ,. Chitosan and alginate are stimuli-responsive biological polymers that can be triggered to self-assemble into hydrogel films in response to imposed electrical signals 8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Gordonov

Liba

Terrell

et al. 2012

JoVE

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Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technology promise to revolutionize both research and medicine through lower costs, better sensitivity, portability, and higher throughput. The incorporation of biological components onto biological microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS) has shown great potential for achieving these goals. Microfabricated electronic chips allow for micrometer-scale features as well as an electrical connection for sensing and actuation. Functional biological components give the system the capacity for specific detection of analytes, enzymatic functions, and whole-cell capabilities. Standard microfabrication processes and bio-analytical techniques have been successfully utilized for decades in the computer and biological industries, respectively. Their combination and interfacing in a lab-on-a-chip environment, however, brings forth new challenges. There is a call for techniques that can build an interface between the electrode and biological component that is mild and is easy to fabricate and pattern.Biofabrication, described here, is one such approach that has shown great promise for its easy-to-assemble incorporation of biological components with versatility in the on-chip functions that are enabled. Biofabrication uses biological materials and biological mechanisms (selfassembly, enzymatic assembly) for bottom-up hierarchical assembly. While our labs have demonstrated these concepts in many formats 1,2,3 , here we demonstrate the assembly process based on electrodeposition followed by multiple applications of signal-based interactions. The assembly process consists of the electrodeposition of biocompatible stimuli-responsive polymer films on electrodes and their subsequent functionalization with biological components such as DNA, enzymes, or live cells 4,5 . Electrodeposition takes advantage of the pH gradient created at the surface of a biased electrode from the electrolysis of water 6,7 ,. Chitosan and alginate are stimuli-responsive biological polymers that can be triggered to self-assemble into hydrogel films in response to imposed electrical signals 8 . The thickness of these hydrogels is determined by the extent to which the pH gradient extends from the electrode. This can be modified using varying current densities and deposition times 6,7 . This protocol will describe how chitosan films are deposited and functionalized by covalently attaching biological components to the abundant primary amine groups present on the film through either enzymatic or electrochemical methods 9,10 . Alginate films and their entrapment of live cells will also be addressed 11 . Finally, the utility of biofabrication is demonstrated through examples of signal-based interaction, including chemical-to-electrical, cell-to-cell, and also enzyme-to-cell signal transmission.Both the electrodeposition and functionalization can be performed under near-physiological conditions without the need for reagents and thus spare labile biological components from harsh conditions. Additionally, both chitosan and alginate ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Gordonov

Liba

Terrell

et al. 2012

JoVE

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“…was added into the CSG suspension, a stable colloid system of Cu-CSG complexes was formed through chelation or electrostatic attraction between Cu and chitosan. 37 During the EPD process, the pH value around the cathode rose up to 10 due to the electrolysis of water, 38 which produced bubbles of hydrogen gas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings

Huang

Cai

et al. 2017

IJN

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Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in clinics for years. However, their bio-inert surface challenges application in patients with compromised surgical conditions. Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. Physicochemical characterization of these coatings confirmed that Cu ions were successfully deposited into the coatings in a metallic status. After rehydration, the coatings swelled by 850% in weight. Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. All Cu-containing CSG coatings showed antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus . The antibacterial property was positively correlated with the Cu concentration. In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties.

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Investigation of the Structural Coating Homogeneity in Open‐Porous Nickel/Polyurethane Hybrid Foams Produced by Flow‐Controlled Electrodeposition

Kunz

Jung

2022

Adv Eng Mater

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In today's world, the saving of raw materials together with the reduction of emissions necessitates the development of new, customized and application‐oriented materials which fulfill various requirements at the same time. Metal foams achieve a high strength combined with low weight. The present work deals with a flow‐controlled production technique for hybrid foams to deposit a nanocrystalline nickel (Ni) layer on pre‐treated, open‐porous polyurethane (PU) foams. The analysis of the resulting coating thickness distributions with gravimetric and microscopic methods shows the qualitative and quantitative influences on the local deposition by varying the process parameters. For the first time, the coating thickness distribution of Ni/PU hybrid foams is investigated regarding the analysis of a global and local homogeneity. The comparison of experimental data with simulated flow velocity profiles leads to an estimation of the correlation between flow velocity, anode distance, and coating thickness distribution, which represents the mass transport. The correlations show, that the coating process is strongly controlled by the electrolyte's flow velocity as well as the distribution of the electric field.

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In situ quantitative visualization and characterization of chitosan electrodeposition with paired sidewall electrodes

Cited by 152 publications

References 34 publications

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings

Investigation of the Structural Coating Homogeneity in Open‐Porous Nickel/Polyurethane Hybrid Foams Produced by Flow‐Controlled Electrodeposition

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