In situ preparation of zinc salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids to reinforce NBR

Yuan, Xinheng; Peng, Zonglin; Zhang, Yong; Zhang, Yinxi

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000919)77:12<2740::aid-app220>3.3.co;2-o

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The vulcanizates contained both covalent and ionic crosslinks, which arose from the graft polymerization of ZDMA onto the EPDM chains. Similar results were obtained for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) [11], natural rubber [12], and other elastomers reinforced by in situ-formed zinc acrylate and methacrylate [13]. The reinforcement effect of in situ-prepared zinc stearate (ZDS) in NBR was also reported [14].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The highest crosslinking activity occurred with trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, which also prevented the degradation of polypropylene through chain scission. In recent years, significant interest has been aroused by the application of zinc or magnesium salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids as coagents and fillers for elastomers [10][11][12][13][14]. These salts are formed in situ during the compounding and vulcanization of rubber mixes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Maciejewska¹,

Krzywania-Kaliszewska²,

Zaborski³

2012

MATERIALS

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The aim of this work was to study the activity of several hydrotalcite/unsaturated acid systems in the peroxide crosslinking of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM). Allylmalonic, citronellic, crotonic, itaconic, sorbic and undecylenic acids, as well as monoallyl maleate, were applied to ensure the activity of hydrotalcite in the peroxide vulcanization of EPM. In this article, we discuss the effect of the obtained coagents with respect to their particle size and tendency to agglomerate, as well as the effect of the applied type of unsaturated acid on the vulcanization kinetics of rubber compounds. The influence of hydrotalcite/unsaturated acid systems on the crosslink density, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates and their stress relaxation tendency under external deformation were also studied. Hydrotalcite/unsaturated acid systems seem to be active as coagents in the crosslinking of EPM with peroxide. The type of unsaturated acid considerably influences the activity of hydrotalcite toward the ethylene-propylene copolymer. The application of such coagents increases the crosslink density of the vulcanizates and improves their mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Maciejewska¹,

Krzywania-Kaliszewska²,

Zaborski³

2012

MATERIALS

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“…Then, the samples were dried in a vacuum oven for 36 h at 90 °C for the removal of all the solvent and were reweighed. The volume fraction of the rubber in the swollen gel ( V r ) was determined as follows:15 where m 0 is the sample mass before swelling; m 1 and m 2 are the sample masses before and after drying, respectively; φ is the mass fraction of the rubber in the vulcanizate; α is the mass loss of the gum EVM vulcanizate during swelling; and ρ r and ρ s are the rubber and solvent densities, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from conventional fillers, unsaturated carboxylates are of great interest because of their excellent reinforcing effect 12–14. We have researched the reinforcement of unsaturated carboxylates on such rubbers as nitrile rubber (NBR),15 ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer,16 styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR),17 and EVM 18, 19. However, the fracture morphology of unsaturated‐carboxylate‐reinforced rubbers is seldom reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture morphology and mechanical properties of ethylene/vinyl acetate rubber vulcanizates reinforced by in situ prepared sodium methacrylate

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2004

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Ethylene/vinyl acetate rubber (EVM) was reinforced by sodium methacrylate (NaMAA) that was in situ prepared through the neutralization of sodium hydroxide and methacrylic acid in EVM during mixing. The mechanical properties of EVM vulcanizates with different NaMAA loadings and at different crosslink densities were studied and compared with those of high abrasion furnace carbon black (HAF) filled EVM vulcanizates. The fracture surfaces of gum and filled EVM vulcanizates were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that NaMAA‐reinforced EVM vulcanizates had better mechanical properties than HAF/EVM vulcanizates. When the NaMAA loading was 50 phr, the tensile strength of the NaMAA/EVM vulcanizate was 30 MPa, the tear strength was 102 kN/m, and the elongation at break was over 400%. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed that NaMAA formed in the compounding process and underwent polymerization during vulcanization. Scanning probe microscopy analysis revealed that nanoscale particles dispersed in the NaMAA/EVM vulcanizates. The mechanical properties were correlated with the fracture morphology of all the vulcanizates. The tensile rupture of NaMAA‐filled EVM vulcanizates occurred through tearing from a crack in the bulk of the samples. Tear deviation occurred with the addition of NaMAA and resulted in a rough surface, leading to an improvement in the tear strength of NaMAA‐filled EVM vulcanizates. The micrographs of the tear surfaces of the vulcanizates indicated that the different fracture modes depended on the NaMAA loading and the crosslink density. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1715–1724, 2004

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“…As reported previously, 18 elastomer vulcanizates reinforced with unsaturated carboxylates contain both ionic crosslinks and covalent crosslinks, so it is significant to distinguish the ionic crosslink density from the covalent crosslink density as follows:…”

Section: Determination Of the Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐swelling elastomer prepared by in situ formed lithium acrylate in chlorinated polyethylene

Ren

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Lithium acrylate (LiAA) was in situ prepared in a chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) matrix through the neutralization of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and acrylic acid (AA) during mixing. The obtained compounds were vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The in situ preparation and polymerization of LiAA were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The crosslink density analysis results indicated that the CPE/LiAA vulcanizates contained both covalent bonds and ionic bonds. The effects of the DCP and LiAA contents on the mechanical properties and water-swelling properties of the CPE/LiAA vulcanizates were studied. The relationship between the LiOH/AA molar ratio and the properties of the CPE/LiAA vulcanizates was investigated. The results showed that LiAA could improve the mechanical and water-swelling properties of CPE/LiAA vulcanizates, providing a new approach to the preparation of water-swelling elastomers.

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In situ preparation of zinc salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids to reinforce NBR

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Fracture morphology and mechanical properties of ethylene/vinyl acetate rubber vulcanizates reinforced by in situ prepared sodium methacrylate

Water‐swelling elastomer prepared by in situ formed lithium acrylate in chlorinated polyethylene

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