In situ preparation of a cholesterol biosensor: entrapment of cholesterol oxidase in an overoxidized polypyrrole film electrodeposited in a flow system

Vidal, Juan C.; García, Esperanza Barroso; Castillo, Juan R.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00838-1

Cited by 171 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Unlike various methods that used in development a biosensor, electropolymerization presents many advantages such as reproducibility, thickness control and the uniformity of the polymer film and give permission to simple preparation of polymer film modified electrodes. 32 The conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, 3,[33][34][35] polyaniline 17,36 and polythiophene 37 have been widely used for the biosensors development. These polymers have a high conductivity, stability and also amount of biomaterial can be controlled during electropolymerization process.…”

Section: (1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,17,21,23,36,59 In many studies, cholesterol contents of synthetic serum samples like Accutrol™ were determined. 16, 35 Brahim et al 14 reported a amperometric biosensor to the determination of total cholesterol in serum samples with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. Li et al 57 used carbon nanotubes modified electrodes for detection of cholesterol in serum samples and correlation coefficient of 0.943 was obtained between proposed enzyme electrode results and those obtained by spectrophotometric method.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Total Cholesterol In Blood Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of an amperometric enzyme electrode based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) for the determination of total cholesterol in serum

Zeybek¹,

Zeybek²,

Pekmez³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um eletrodo enzimático amperométrico baseado em polímero foi preparado para detecção amperométrica de colesterol livre. Inicialmente, o filme polimérico poli(o-fenilenodiamina) (PoPD) foi eletropolimerizado no meio acetonitrila-água contendo o monômero o-fenilenodiamina (oPD) e ácido canforsulfônico em eletrodo de Pt através da técnica de voltametria cíclica. A enzima oxidase colesterol foi imobilizada sobre a superfície do eletrodo Pt/PoPD. A determinação de colesterol foi realizada por maio do monitoramento da corrente de oxidação de H 2 O 2 produzido enzimaticamente a +0,7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. A concentração da solução tampão, o valor de pH e a temperatura de trabalho otimizados foram 0,05 mol L −1 , 7,5 and 40 °C, respectivamente. O intervalo de trabalho do eletrodo de enzima para colesterol foi 9,8 × 10 −3 -11 µmol L −1 e tempo de resposta 150 s. Os efeitos de possíveis interferências presentes em amostras de soro em resposta ao eletrodo de enzima foram examinados. A determinação do colesterol total em amostras de soro foi realizada usando o eletrodo de enzima Pt/PoPD/ChOx proposto e os resultados foram em bom acordo com os obtidos pelo método espectrofotométrico.A polymer-based amperometric enzyme electrode (Pt/PoPD/ChOx) was prepared for the amperometric detection of free cholesterol. Firstly, poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) polymer film was prepared in acetonitrile-water medium containing o-phenylenediamine (oPD) monomer and (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (HCSA) on Pt electrode by the use of cyclic voltammetry technique. Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) enzyme was immobilized onto Pt/PoPD electrode surface. The determination of cholesterol was performed via monitoring of the oxidation current of enzymatically produced H 2 O 2 at +0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Optimum buffer concentration, pH and working temperature were found as 0.05 mol L −1 , 7.5 and 40 °C, respectively. The working range of enzyme electrode to cholesterol was 9.8 × 10 −3 -11 µmol L −1 and response time 150 s. The effects of possible interferences present in serum samples on response of enzyme electrode were examined. The determination of total cholesterol in serum samples was performed by using proposed Pt/PoPD/ChOx enzyme electrode and results were in good agreement with those obtained by spectrophotometric method.

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Section: (1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of the Total Cholesterol In Blood Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an amperometric enzyme electrode based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) for the determination of total cholesterol in serum

Zeybek¹,

Zeybek²,

Pekmez³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…68 Electro-polymerization of pyrrole and its use for immobilization of enzymes by entrapment during polymer growth were proven to be very simple and efficient techniques for the construction of biosensors. 41,48,102 Size-exclusion properties of polypyrrole (PPy) films were highly selective against common interferences presented in biological media such as ascorbate and urate, electro-active endogenous anionic species.…”

Section: ·15 Composite Transducers For Polypyrrolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of 2-propanol and Triton X-100 was used to mix the cholesterol in pure water. 102 The development and optimization of an amperometric enzyme biosensor for rapid cholesterol analysis were based on cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) that was entrapped within a composite polymeric film consisting of ρ(HEMA) hydrogel intimately combined with electro-active polymer of polypyrrole.…”

Section: ·16 Cholesterol Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments, Characteristics, and Potential Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors

2004

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The objective of this study is to analyze the technical importance, performance, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of the biosensors in general and of the electrochemical biosensors in particular. A product of reaction diffuses to the transducer in the first generation biosensors (based on Clark biosensors). The mediated biosensors or second generation biosensors use specific mediators between the reaction and the transducer to improve sensitivity. The second generation biosensors involve two steps: first, there is a redox reaction between enzyme and substrate that is reoxidized by the mediator, and eventually the mediator is oxidized by the electrode. No normal product or mediator diffusion is directly involved in the third generation biosensors, direct biosensors. Based on the type of transducer, current biosensors are divided into optical, mass, thermal, and electrochemical sensors. They are used in medical diagnostics, food quality controls, environmental monitoring, and other applications. These biosensors are also grouped under two broad categories of sensors: direct and indirect detection systems. Moreover, these systems could be further grouped into continuous or batch operation. Therefore, amperometric biosensors and their current applications are focused on more in detail since they are the most commonly used biosensors in monitoring and diagnosing tests in clinical analysis. Problems related to the commercialization of medical, environmental, and industrial biosensors as well as their performance characteristics, their competitiveness in comparison to the conventional analytical tools, and their costs determine the future development of these biosensors.

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“…As a conducting polymer, PPy has been widely explored for a comprehensive range of applications in biosensors [21,22], gas sensors [23], microactuators [24], electrochemical supercapacitor [25] for its good environmental stability, facile synthesis, and higher conductivity. In particular, PPy has gained a distinguished popularity in biosensor applications because of its good biocompatibility, high sensitivity and fast response [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of polypyrrole with photonic structures from butterfly wings as biosensor

Tang

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2012

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Polypyrrole (PPy) with photonic crystal structures were synthesized from Morpho butterfly wings using a two-step templating process. In the first step photonic crystal SiO2 butterfly wings were synthesized from Morpho butterfly wings and in the second step the SiO2 butterfly wings were used as templates for the replication of PPy butterfly wings using an in situ polymerization method. The SiO2 templates were then removed from the PPy butterfly wings using a HF solution. The hierarchical structures down to the nanometer level, especially the photonic crystal structures, were retained in the final PPy replicas, as evidenced directly by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical properties of the resultant PPy replicas were investigated using reflectance spectroscopy and the PPy replicas exhibit brilliant color due to Bragg diffraction through its ordered periodic structures. The preliminary biosensing application was investigated and it was found that the PPy replicas showed a much higher biological activity compared with PPy powders through their response to dopamine (DA), probably due to the hierarchical structures as well as controlled porosity inherited from Morpho butterfly wings. It is expected that our strategy will open up new avenues for the synthesis of functional polymers with photonic crystal structures, which may form applications as biosensors. Abstract: Photonic crystal polypyrrole (PPy) butterfly wings were synthesized from Morpho butterfly wings by using a two-step templating process. In the first step photonic crystal SiO 2 butterfly wings were synthesized from Morpho butterfly wings and in the second step the obtained SiO 2 replicas were used as templates for the duplication of PPy butterfly wings by using an in situ polymerization method. The SiO 2 templates were then removed from the PPy butterfly wings using a HF solution. The precise structures of the replicas were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Molecular structure and the composition of the PPy replicas were further characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. It was confirmed that the photonic crystal PPy replicas were made of pure PPy. The optical properties of 2 the resultant PPy replicas were investigated by using reflectance spectroscopy and the PPy replicas exhibit brilliant color due to Bragg diffraction through its ordered periodic structures. The primary response of the replicas to dopamine (DA) as a biosensor was investigated and it was found that the PPy replicas showed a much higher biological activity compared with PPy powders, probably due to the hierarchical structures as well as controlled porosity inherited from Morpho butterfly wings. It is expected that our strategy will open up new avenues for the synthesis of functional polymers with photonic crystal structures, which can form the basis of p...

show abstract

In situ preparation of a cholesterol biosensor: entrapment of cholesterol oxidase in an overoxidized polypyrrole film electrodeposited in a flow system

Cited by 171 publications

References 21 publications

Development of an amperometric enzyme electrode based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) for the determination of total cholesterol in serum

Development of an amperometric enzyme electrode based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) for the determination of total cholesterol in serum

Recent Developments, Characteristics, and Potential Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors

Replication of polypyrrole with photonic structures from butterfly wings as biosensor

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