In situ polymerized wood polymer composite: effect of additives and nanoclay on the thermal, mechanical properties

Devi, Rajlakshmi; Maji, Tarun K.

doi:10.1590/s1516-14392013005000071

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The addition of nanoclay further increased the tortuous path for diffusion of water. Treatment of wood with the modification of nanoclay and silane coupling agent improving the ASE was reported in a previous study (Devi and Maji 2013).…”

Section: Dimensional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In other words, wood treated using PF/nanoclay admixture had higher density and WPG, regardless of PF concentration, compared to that of the wood treated without nanoclay. Devi and Maji (2013) reported that the incorporation of nanoclay reduced the mobility of the polymer chains that were intercalated between nanoclay interlayers. Lower mobility might reduce the leaching rate of polymer during curing stage due to its slower movement through the wood structure and thus result in higher polymer retention and WPG after being cured.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is in agreement with Rabi'atol Adawiah et al (2012) and Ohmae et al (2002) who concluded that the application of phenolic resin could bulk the cell lumen and, to some extent, the wood cell wall as well. On the other hand, Devi and Maji (2013) reported that incorporation of nanoclay worked effectively in reducing the water absorption of the treated wood due to the crosslinking monomer in wood intercellular cell. Therefore, wood treated using PF/nanoclay admixture shows better RWA result.…”

Section: Dimensional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bulking treatment with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LmwPF) resin has been found to successfully enhance the properties of low-density wood but emit higher formaldehyde. Incorporation of nanoparticle to the phenolic matrix could possibly reduce the use of high concentration LmwPF and thus lower the formaldehyde emission (FE) without adversely affecting the other properties. The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of LmwPF resin and nanoclay admixture and determine its effects on the performance of impreg wood. Montmorillonite nanoclay nanomer (0.5-1.5 % w/w based on solid PF) was dispersed in LmwPF resin (10-20 % w/v) using ultrasonication technique. The dispersion of nanoclay in LmwPF was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM analyses confirmed that the nanoclay dispersion in the resin was in exfoliated form. Air-dried sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) wood was impregnated with these admixtures using vacuum pressure process followed by curing at 150°C for 30 min. The FE, dimensional stability and strength properties were evaluated and compared with impreg wood treated solely with LmwPF. The results showed that the polymer retention and density of the LmwPF/nanoclay-impregnated samples were higher than the LmwPF-impregnated samples. This admixture had successfully bulked the cell wall of the wood and imparted higher dimensional stability to the treated wood. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, compressive stress and hardness & Zaidon Ashaari

show abstract

Section: Dimensional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dimensional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…O ganho percentual de massa dos compósitos foi calculado de acordo com a Equação 1, como previamente mencionado em outros estudos [5,6,15,16] .…”

Section: Ganho Percentual De Massaunclassified

Compósitos polímero-madeira preparados por polimerização in situ de metil metacrilato usando aditivos bifuncionais

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoO presente trabalho teve por objetivo a confecção de compósitos polímero-madeira por meio de polimerização in situ de metil metacrilato (MMA), utilizando ácido metacrílico (MAA) e glicidil metacrilato (GMA) como agentes de ligação e reticulação. Amostras de madeira de guapuruvu foram impregnadas em um sistema de vácuo e pressão e polimerizadas em estufa a 90°C por 10h, usando 1,5% de peroxido de benzoíla como catalisador. Os compósitos foram caracterizados por meio de testes de absorção de água e estabilidade dimensional, molhabilidade, ATR-IR, TGA, MEV e WPG. Os espectros de ATR-IR mostraram incrementos nas bandas a 1746, 1460, e 1145 cm -1 , referentes as estruturas químicas dos polímeros dentro da madeira, confirmado posteriormente pelas imagens de MEV. A termogravimetria apontou reações químicas entre os copolímeros e a parede celular da madeira nos compósitos com GMA e MAA. Os compósitos preparados com MMA apresentaram incrementos acima de 50% nas propriedades higroscópicas e de estabilidade dimensional, entretanto a adição de GMA e MAA resultou em maiores incrementos nas mesmas propriedades, entre 66-90%. Palavras-chave: polimerização por radicais livres, Schizolobium parahyba, catálise térmica, reticulantes, agentes de ligação. AbstractWe prepared wood/polymer composites by in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as cross-linkers and coupling agents. The guapuruvu wood samples were impregnated in a vacuum/pressure system and polymerized at 90 °C for 10 h, using benzoyl peroxide at 1.5 wt % as catalyst. We characterized the composites through water uptake, dimensional stability tests, wettability, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, SEM, and WPG. ATR-FTIR spectra showed an increase of the peaks at 1746, 1460, and 1145 cm -1 , corresponding to the chemical structures of the polymers into the pores and capillaries of the wood. This was further confirmed in the SEM images. TGA curves showed evidences for a chemical interaction between the copolymer and the wood cell wall in the composites with GMA and MAA. Hygroscopicity and dimensional stability properties of the composites prepared with MMA improved by 50%. Nevertheless, the addition of GMA and MAA resulted in additional increases for hydrophobicity and dimensional stability of the samples, ~ 66 -90%.

show abstract

“…Production of wood polymer composites involves the impregnation of solid wood by unsaturated monomers followed by in situ polymerization [6][7][8][9]. This method uses the microstructurally organized wood as a template, and the in situ synthesized polymer is the reinforcement, which results in new materials with physical, biological and mechanical properties better than the untreated wood [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal tools in the evaluation of decayed and weathered wood polymer composites prepared by in situ polymerization

Mattos

Cademartori

Magalhães

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to apply thermal tools in the evaluation of decayed and weathered wood polymer composites prepared by in situ polymerization with and without cross-linkers. Pinewood samples were impregnated with methyl methacrylate using glycidyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid as cross-linkers by vacuum/pressure. The polymerization was carried out in an oven at 90°C for 10 h using benzoyl peroxide as catalyst. All samples were exposed to decay and artificial weathering tests. The characterization was performed by mass loss, color changes, optical images, wettability, thermogravimetric analysis (by means of DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry analyzes. The mass loss was higher in untreated wood in comparison with the composites, *2.5-10 times. Crosslinked composites showed the highest resistance to fungal biodeterioration. The reduction in L*, chroma and b* confirmed loss of original yellow tones and increase in dark and dull tones of samples. The wettability was very affected by irregularities of the samples' surface. Only DTG showed a shifting in the temperature of thermal events related to polysaccharides and lignin after exposure to decay and weathering. DTG was the best thermal technique for evaluation of decaying and weathering of wood composites.

show abstract

In situ polymerized wood polymer composite: effect of additives and nanoclay on the thermal, mechanical properties

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood

Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood

Compósitos polímero-madeira preparados por polimerização in situ de metil metacrilato usando aditivos bifuncionais

Thermal tools in the evaluation of decayed and weathered wood polymer composites prepared by in situ polymerization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About