In Situ Polymerized PAN-Assisted S/C Nanosphere with Enhanced High-Power Performance as Cathode for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Hu, Hao; Cheng, Haoyan; Liu, Zheng-Fei; Li, Guojian; Zhu, Qian-Chen; Yu, Ying

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01294

Cited by 129 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Majority of efforts to overcome such challenges have been focused on particle-level architecture optimizations, including various coatings on the surface of conversion cathode-based (nano)particles, which demonstrated promising trends. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Unfortunately, such approaches generally increase complexity and cost of material fabrication and, in most cases, suffer from defects within the protective layers around the individual particles present before or induced after (due to the volume changes) electrochemical cycling.…”

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confidence: 99%

In situ surface protection for enhancing stability and performance of conversion-type cathodes

Borodin

Yushin

2017

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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Lithium and lithium-ion batteries (LBs and LIBs) are the most popular battery systems for electrochemical energy storage technologies. Commercial LIBs utilize intercalation-type cathode materials, mostly nickel (Ni)-based and cobalt (Co)-based cathodes, showing specific capacities of up to ∼200 mA h/g (theoretical capacity below 300 mA h/g), which limit the specific energy of batteries, and are additionally expensive and toxic. An EPA study showed that the Ni-and Co-containing batteries that use solvent-based electrode processing have the highest potential for negative environmental impacts. 1 These impacts include resource depletion, global warming, ecological toxicity, and human health impacts with the largest contributing processes include those associated with the production, processing, and use of cobalt and nickel metal compounds, which may cause adverse respiratory, pulmonary, and neurological effects in those exposed. 1 The study suggested cathode material substitution and solvent-less electrode processing to reduce these impacts. 1 The uneven distribution of Co in the earth crust 2 and the insufficient use of suitable personal protection equipment in many Co mining developing countries 3,4 created a major concern. For example, Amnesty International findings of major exploitations of children in Co mines and the related child sickness and deaths 3,4 demonstrate some of the most horrific examples of child labor, which international community should not tolerate and certainly should not encourage through growing market demands for Co. The growing Co contained-electronic waste ABSTRACTThe use of in situ formed protective layer on conversion cathodes was introduced as a cheap and simple strategy to shield these materials from undesirable interactions with liquid electrolytes.Conversion-type cathodes have been viewed as promising candidates to replace Ni-and Co-based intercalation-type cathodes for next-generation lithium (Li) and Li-ion batteries with higher specific energy, lower cost, and potentially longer cycle life. Typically, in conversion reactions two or three Li ions may be stored per just one atom of chalcogen (e.g., S or Se) or transition metal (e.g., Fe or Cu used in halides). Unfortunately, in conversion chemistries the active materials or intermediate charge/discharge products suffer from various unfavorable interactions and dissolution in organic electrolytes. In this mini-review article, we discuss the current interfacial challenges and focus on the protective layers in situ formed on the cathode surface to effectively shield conversion materials from undesirable interactions with liquid electrolytes. We further explore the mechanisms and current progress of forming such protective layers by using various salts, solvents, and additives together with the insight from molecular modeling. Finally, we discuss future opportunities and perspectives of in situ surface protection.Keywords: Li; S; F; coating; energy storage Review DiSCUSSiON POiNTS• Conversion-type cathodes have been viewed as promi...

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confidence: 99%

In situ surface protection for enhancing stability and performance of conversion-type cathodes

Borodin

Yushin

2017

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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“…While for the BCN/S, despite the sulfur content in which is lower than that in the GCN/S, the discharge capacity is only 1020 mA h g -1 , corresponding to the sulfur utilization of ~61%. In most reports, higher sulfur contents in the composites always result in worse electrochemical performances [58][59][60]. corresponding to a fade rate of 0.053% per cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-like g-C3N4 nanosheets/sulfur as cathode for lithium–sulfur battery

Meng

Xie

Cai

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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“…18-21 Conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS), 18 polypyrrole, 19 polythiophene, 20 and polyaniline 21 have also been used to coat sulfur. Many core-shellstructured sulfur composites have been reported.…”

Section: -15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many core-shellstructured sulfur composites have been reported. [19][20][21] It is important to adjust the homogeneity of an electrode, and strict controls are needed to produce optimal nanostructures. Further improvements are needed to stop the dissolution of polysulfides completely to achieve better sulfur coatings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Film Properties of Electropolymerized Polypyrrole for a Sulfur/Ketjenblack Cathode in Lithium Secondary Batteries

Nakamura

Yokoshima

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A novel polypyrrole (PPy) film was investigated to determine the optimal conditions for operation in a Li/S battery. The PPy film was prepared by oxidative electropolymerization to improve the Li/S battery performance, as reported in our previous paper. In such a system, the PPy film was coated directly on the S/Ketjenblack cathode to solve the problem of polysulfide dissolution. The optimum PPy film preparation conditions to prevent polysulfide dissolution and to promote Li + permeability were determined by varying the PPy polymerization bath composition and polymerization potential. As a result, the inclusion of 1.0 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in the polymerization bath (0.1 M pyrrole in 1-methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) was found to be the most important factor for producing a PPy film with a high Li + transport number (t Li + ≈ 1). A polymerization potential of 4.5 V versus Li/Li + was shown to be optimum for the promotion of Li + permeability. The mechanism by which the PPy film prevents polysulfide dissolution and increases Li + permeability is discussed by analyzing the SEM, CV, XPS, and 13 C solid-state NMR data. Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries have attracted substantial attention as a next-generation battery candidate because their theoretical energy density (∼2500 W h kg −1 ) is much higher than the current C/LiCoO 2 system (387 W h kg −1 ). [1][2][3][4] In addition, sulfur exhibits several impressive characteristics, such as abundance in nature and low toxicity. However, Li/S batteries have several intrinsic problems that affect their practical application. Some of the issues associated with the sulfur cathodes include the low ionic and electronic conductivities of sulfur and Li 2 S, large volume expansion of sulfur upon lithiation (∼80% expansion), and dissolution of intermediate products, namely lithium polysulfides (Li 2 S x , where 4 ≤ x ≤ 8), into the electrolyte. 6,7 This dissolution of polysulfide causes "redox shuttle phenomena," which leads to overcharging (low coulombic efficiency) and rapid capacity fading. 8 Various strategies have been developed to solve these problems. 9Since Nazar's group overcame the low conductivity problem of the sulfur cathode and achieved cycle stability by producing a sulfurordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) composite, 10 various carbon materials have been studied as hosts for sulfur. 11-15In order to suppress polysulfide dissolution, ionic-liquidbased electrolytes have been investigated. 16,17 Ionic-liquid-based electrolytes show excellent polysulfide dissolution inhibition, while batteries containing the ionic liquid-based electrolytes show relatively high resistances, owing to the high viscosities of these electrolytes. However, the high cost of ionic liquids hinders their practical application compared with commonly used organic electrolytes. There have been many reports on methods for suppressing dissolution of polysulfides by coating or modifying the surface of an active material with a polymer using c...

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In Situ Polymerized PAN-Assisted S/C Nanosphere with Enhanced High-Power Performance as Cathode for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Cited by 129 publications

References 38 publications

In situ surface protection for enhancing stability and performance of conversion-type cathodes

In situ surface protection for enhancing stability and performance of conversion-type cathodes

Graphene-like g-C3N4 nanosheets/sulfur as cathode for lithium–sulfur battery

Film Properties of Electropolymerized Polypyrrole for a Sulfur/Ketjenblack Cathode in Lithium Secondary Batteries

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