In situ pollen from gymnospermous cones from the Upper Permian of the Italian Alps — A preliminary account

Clement-Westerhof, Jopie A.

doi:10.1016/0034-6667(74)90092-x

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Typically Permian ichnogenera are Ichniotherium and Hyloidichnus , found in association with taxa of clear Triassic affinity such as Rhynchosauroides [92,93]. Sparse plant remains were collected from several stratigraphic levels within the Gröden/Val Gardena Sandstone, but units below and above the carbonate bed of maximum transgression are very abundant and well preserved [84,94–100]. …”

Section: Geological and Biological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

2016

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To discern the effect of the end-Permian (P-Tr) ecological crisis on land, interactions between plants and their insect herbivores were examined for four time intervals containing ten major floras from the Dolomites of northeastern Italy during a Permian–Triassic interval. These floras are: (i) the Kungurian Tregiovo Flora; (ii) the Wuchiapingian Bletterbach Flora; (iii) three Anisian floras; and (iv) five Ladinian floras. Derived plant–insect interactional data is based on 4242 plant specimens (1995 Permian, 2247 Triassic) allocated to 86 fossil taxa (32 Permian, 56 Triassic), representing lycophytes, sphenophytes, pteridophytes, pteridosperms, ginkgophytes, cycadophytes and coniferophytes from 37 million-year interval (23 m.yr. Permian, 14 m.yr. Triassic). Major Kungurian herbivorized plants were unaffiliated taxa and pteridosperms; later during the Wuchiapingian cycadophytes were predominantly consumed. For the Anisian, pteridosperms and cycadophytes were preferentially consumed, and subordinately pteridophytes, lycophytes and conifers. Ladinian herbivores overwhelming targeted pteridosperms and subordinately cycadophytes and conifers. Throughout the interval the percentage of insect-damaged leaves in bulk floras, as a proportion of total leaves examined, varied from 3.6% for the Kungurian (N = 464 leaves), 1.95% for the Wuchiapingian (N = 1531), 11.65% for the pooled Anisian (N = 1324), to 10.72% for the pooled Ladinian (N = 923), documenting an overall herbivory rise. The percentage of generalized consumption, equivalent to external foliage feeding, consistently exceeded the level of specialized consumption from internal feeding. Generalized damage ranged from 73.6% (Kungurian) of all feeding damage, to 79% (Wuchiapingian), 65.5% (pooled Anisian) and 73.2% (pooled Ladinian). Generalized-to-specialized ratios show minimal change through the interval, although herbivore component community structure (herbivore species feeding on a single plant-host species) increasingly was partitioned from Wuchiapingian to Ladinian. The Paleozoic plant with the richest herbivore component community, the coniferophyte Pseudovoltzia liebeana, harbored four damage types (DTs), whereas its Triassic parallel, the pteridosperm Scytophyllum bergeri housed 11 DTs, almost four times that of P. liebeana. Although generalized DTs of P. liebeana were similar to S. bergeri, there was expansion of Triassic specialized feeding types, including leaf mining. Permian–Triassic generalized herbivory remained relatively constant, but specialized herbivores more finely partitioned plant-host tissues via new feeding modes, especially in the Anisian. Insect-damaged leaf percentages for Dolomites Kungurian and Wuchiapingian floras were similar to those of lower Permian, north-central Texas, but only one-third that of southeastern Brazil. Global herbivore patterns for Early Triassic plant–insect interactions remain unknown.

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Section: Geological and Biological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

2016

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“…is unclear. It has been assigned to conifers (Clement-Westerhof, 1974) and to pteridosperms (Townrow, 1962). The monosulcate pollen Cycadopites spp.…”

Section: Skmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation history across the Permian–Triassic boundary in Pakistan (Amb section, Salt Range)

et al. 2015

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“…See Table 2 for complete U-Pb data from Gondwana (Pant & Nautiyal, 1960;Taylor, 1988). However, it has been demonstrated that it could come from conifers in the northern hemisphere (Clement-Westerhof, 1974). Loboziak and Clayton (1988)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palaeozoic taeniate bisaccate pollen has been widely considered to be yielded by Glossopteridales, an order of seed ferns from Gondwana (Pant & Nautiyal, 1960; Taylor, 1988). However, it has been demonstrated that it could come from conifers in the northern hemisphere (Clement‐Westerhof, 1974). Loboziak and Clayton (1988) recorded an early appearance of taeniate bisaccate pollen, including Illinites , Protohaploxypinus , and Strotersporites , in upper Gzelian sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bashkirian taeniate bisaccate pollen‐dominated palynological assemblage from northwestern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Province, China

Shi¹,

Li²,

Amuti³

et al. 2021

Geological Journal

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ous palynological assemblages are mainly composed of spores of Lycospora spp., Densosporites spp., and Laevigatosporites spp. and monosaccate prepollen of Florinites spp. Taeniate bisaccate pollen appeared for the first time during the Early Pennsylvanian but never prevailed in the coeval palynological assemblages. Here, we report a taeniate bisaccate pollen-dominated palynological assemblage from the Jiamuhe Formation of Well Ke 85 in the Zhongguai Uplift, northwestern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang.Nineteen miospore species belonging to 14 genera were identified from the assemblage. Based on their relative abundance, one assemblage is nominated informally as Calamospora breviradiata-Lunatisporites tersus (BT) assemblage. SIMS U-Pb geochronological analysis of zircons from two volcanic ash beds from the basal and upper parts of the formation yields weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U dates of 316.3 ± 2.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.2, n = 19) and 316.5 ± 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.85, n = 20) in an ascending order. A Bashkirian age is thus assigned to the BT assemblage. Our combined palynological and geochronological investigations reveal an early stage of the rise of conifers in the Kazakhstan Plate and offer a rare glimpse into the Early Pennsylvanian land vegetation in the subtropical area at the northern hemisphere.

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In situ pollen from gymnospermous cones from the Upper Permian of the Italian Alps — A preliminary account

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

Vegetation history across the Permian–Triassic boundary in Pakistan (Amb section, Salt Range)

Bashkirian taeniate bisaccate pollen‐dominated palynological assemblage from northwestern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Province, China

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