In situ particle size distributions and volume concentrations from a LISST-100 laser particle sizer and a digital floc camera

Mikkelsen, Ole A.; Hill, Paul S.; Milligan, Timothy G.; Chant, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2005.07.001

Cited by 117 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For the stochastic approach, the parameter related to the breakup efficiency ( ) is empirically assumed to have a log-normal distribution. From many previous studies under low organic content conditions (e.g., [15,[35][36][37]), it is known that the size distribution of flocs is similar to a log-normal distribution. The capacity and limitations of the developed stochastic models are validated with three experimental results from Spicer et al [23], Biggs and Lant [9], and Burban et al [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many studies (e.g., [10,15,[34][35][36][37][38][39]), it has been shown that floc size distribution is similar to a log-normal distribution containing a single peak. Contradictorily, it has also been shown from previous studies (e.g., [40][41][42][43]) that floc size distribution may be bimodal.…”

Section: Application Of Stochastic Approach To Fgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory experiments using Kaolinite also show a log-normal distribution of floc size (e.g., [9,11,23,24]). In many field experiments (e.g., [15,[35][36][37]), a log-normal distribution of floc size is found when the organic content of mud is less than 5%. Thus, the low organic content of mud and the log-normal distribution of floc size are assumed in this study.…”

Section: Application Of Stochastic Approach To Fgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Flocculation Model for Cohesive Sediment Suspended in Water

Shin

Son

Lee

2015

Water

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Existing flocculation models for cohesive sediments are classified into two groups: population balance equation models (PBE) and floc growth models. An FGM ensures mass conservation in a closed system. However, an FGM determines only the average size of flocs, whereas a PBE has the capability to calculate a size distribution of flocs. A new stochastic approach to model the flocculation process is theoretically developed and incorporated into a deterministic FGM in this study in order to calculate a size distribution of flocs as well as the average size. A log-normal distribution is used to generate random numbers based on previous laboratory experiments. The new stochastic flocculation model is tested with three laboratory experiment results. It was found and validated with measured data that the new stochastic flocculation model has the capability to replicate a size distribution of flocs reasonably well under different sediment and carrier flow conditions. Three more distributions (normal; Pearson type 3; and generalized extreme value distributions) were also tested. From the comparison with results of different distribution functions, it is shown that a stochastic FGM using a log-normal distribution has a comparative advantage in terms of simplicity and accuracy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Stochastic Approach To Fgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Stochastic Approach To Fgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Flocculation Model for Cohesive Sediment Suspended in Water

Shin

Son

Lee

2015

Water

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“…Particles exceeding the LISST size range of 500 µm also contaminate the PSD. The large out of range particles increase the volume concentration of particles in multiple size classes in the range between 250 and 500 µm and in the smaller size classes [42][43][44]. The occurrence of rising tail in the largest size classes indicates the occurrence of large particles rather than an absolute value.…”

Section: Tidal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Biomineral Suspended Particulate Matter Properties in High-Turbid Nearshore and Low-Turbid Offshore Zones

Fettweis

Lee

2017

Water

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Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is abundant and essential in marine and coastal waters, and comprises a wide variety of biomineral particles, which are practically grouped into organic biomass and inorganic sediments. Such biomass and sediments interact with each other and build large biomineral aggregates via flocculation, therefore controlling the fate and transport of SPM in marine and coastal waters. Despite its importance, flocculation mediated by biomass-sediment interactions is not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this research was to explain biologically mediated flocculation and SPM dynamics in different locations and seasons in marine and coastal waters. Field measurement campaigns followed by physical and biochemical analyses had been carried out from 2004 to 2011 in the Belgian coastal area to investigate bio-mediated flocculation and SPM dynamics. Although SPM had the same mineralogical composition, it encountered different fates in the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) and in the offshore zone (OSZ), regarding bio-mediated flocculation. SPM in the TMZ built sediment-enriched, dense, and settleable biomineral aggregates, whereas SPM in the OSZ composed biomass-enriched, less dense, and less settleable marine snow. Biological proliferation, such as an algal bloom, was also found to facilitate SPM in building biomass-enriched marine snow, even in the TMZ. In short, bio-mediated flocculation and SPM dynamics varied spatially and seasonally, owing to biomass-sediment interactions and bio-mediated flocculation.

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“…그렇지만, 1회 관측에 많은 시간이 소요될 뿐 만 아니라, 현장에서 채취한 시료를 사용할 경우 플럭 입경이나 침 강속도와 같은 변수를 실험실에서 같은 조건으로 재현하기 어렵다. 이 후에 오웬침강관을 개선한 Sedimentation Velocity(SEDVEL)이 개발되었다 (Mantovanelli and Ridd, 2006; Mikkelsen et al, 2004;2005), Particle Imaging Camera System(PICS, Smith and Friedrichs, 2011). 플럭카메라 시스템은 해상도에 의해 관측 가능 한 최소 플럭의 크기가 제한되는 단점이 있지만 (Hill et al, 2001), LISST와 함께 사용함으로써 단점을 보완할 수 있다 (Mikkelsen et al, 2006).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Floc Property of Yeongsan Cohesive Bed Sediment with Respect to Salinity and Sediment Concentration

Shin

Smith²,

Lee³

2013

The Sea

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To examine floc characteristics of cohesive bed sediment of the Yeongsan River estuary, a floc camera system has been developed and utilized to observe flocs under varying conditions. In order to validate the floc camera system, sand particles were passed through 88-125 and 63-88 µm sieves and observed within the laboratory. Mean grain size and settling velocities were found to be 102 and 56.2 µm and 6.7 and 5.9 mm/s, respectively. Artifacts of particles estimated outside of the sieve range are attributed to being imaged out of the depth of focus. However, as mean grain size and settling velocity of each size class were within the confidence interval, the floc camera system was confidently used to examine cohesive bed sediments of Yeongsan River estuary. The bed sediment sample was prepared with a concentration of 0.1 g/L in 0 psu deionized water. The mean grain size, settling velocity and fractal dimension of flocs were 40.6±0.66 µm, 14 mm/s, and 2.86, respectively. Experiments were also conducted using different salinities (10 and 34 psu) and sediment concentrations (0.1 and 0.3 g/L). Despite changing these parameters, the mean observed grain size and settling velocities were found to be the same within the error range of the system. The relatively higher values of settling velocity and fractal dimension are considered a result of the sediment containing relatively small concentrations of organic matter.

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In situ particle size distributions and volume concentrations from a LISST-100 laser particle sizer and a digital floc camera

Cited by 117 publications

References 38 publications

Stochastic Flocculation Model for Cohesive Sediment Suspended in Water

Stochastic Flocculation Model for Cohesive Sediment Suspended in Water

Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Biomineral Suspended Particulate Matter Properties in High-Turbid Nearshore and Low-Turbid Offshore Zones

Floc Property of Yeongsan Cohesive Bed Sediment with Respect to Salinity and Sediment Concentration

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