“…The intimate relationship between the structural features of peptide nanostructures and amino acid sequences has been thoroughly elucidated over the past few decades. − This has inspired establishment of various controllable self-assembling peptide systems based on stimuli-responsive reactions of natural or noncanonical amino acids, including redox-, − pH-, − photo-, and enzyme-responsive reactions, − and among others, , for creation of functional materials with great potential in disease diagnosis and treatment. − Among the internal or external stimuli, nitroreductase (NTR) is a flavin-containing enzyme conventionally overexpressed in the hypoxic region of solid tumors and enables one to reduce the nitro groups to (hydroxy)amino groups using NAD(P)H as the electron source . Thus far, a considerable number of NTR-responsive hydrogels, , imaging probes, − drug delivery vehicles, − or activatable prodrugs − have been developed and exhibit broad biomedical applications.…”