In-situ observation of formation of nanoscale carbon tubules

Kawase, Noboru; Yasuda, Ayumu; Matsui, Taisuke

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(98)90059-8

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Banhart and Ajayan [5] found that diamond crystallites in nanosize are formed in the center of multi-walled carbon spheres (carbon onions) under irradiation with a TEM electron beam. Similar phenomena of structural transformation of carbon solids in various forms, such as nanoscale tubules [6] and spherical fullerene-like structures [7], have been found during TEM observations. The irradiation of electrons in energies lower than 1 keV causes the graphite formation on diamond surfaces [8] and the fragmentation of fullerene (C 60 ) cages [9].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Another intriguing feature of carbon materials is that, due to the high flexibility of the carbon bonding, the connectivity of carbon atoms is quite changeable by exotic means. Particularly, signatures for the presence of electronic excitation 0039 effects have been accumulated in recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Experimentally, Ma et al [1] conducted X-ray absorption and emission experiments on diamond crystals with results suggesting that the excitation of 1s core electrons induces a short-lived displacement of carbon atoms from the lattice sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution kinetics of sp2 ordering in tetrahedral amorphous carbon films induced by electron irradiation

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution kinetics of sp2 ordering in tetrahedral amorphous carbon films induced by electron irradiation

et al. 2005

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“…TEM‐Messungen zeigten, dass hierbei die Kristallinität der PTFE‐Vorstufen komplett zerstört wurde 202. Durch anschließendes Erhitzen des Films auf 600 °C oder 800 °C kombiniert mit Elektronenbestrahlung in einem Transmissionselektronenmikroskop wurden schließlich CNTs erhalten 203. 204 Die Anwendung dieses Ansatzes bleibt trotz aller Bemühungen und Erfolge limitiert, da zum einen nur perfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe als Vorstufenmoleküle in Frage kommen, zum anderen keinerlei strukturelle Kontrolle gegeben ist.…”

Section: Elektrochemische Carbonisierung Perfluorierter Kohlenwassunclassified

Halogenated Benzene Cation Radicals

Molski

Mollenhauer

Gohr

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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The halogenated benzenes C(6)HF(5), 2,4,6-C(6)H(3)F(3), 2,3,5,6-C(6)H(2)F(4), C(6)F(6), C(6)Cl(6), C(6)Br(6), and C(6)I(6) were converted into their corresponding cation radicals by using various strong oxidants. The cation-radical salts were isolated and characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability of the cation radicals increased with decreasing hydrogen content. As expected, the cation radicals [C(6)HF(5)](+) and 2,3,5,6-[C(6)H(2)F(4)](+) had structures with the same geometry as C(6)HF(5) and 2,3,5,6-[C(6)H(2)F(4)]. In contrast, the cation radicals [C(6)F(6)](+), [C(6)Cl(6)](+), and possibly also [C(6)Br(6)](+) exhibited Jahn-Teller-distorted geometries in the crystalline state. In the case of C(6)F(6)(+)Sb(2)F(11)(-), two low-symmetry geometries were observed in the same crystal. Interestingly, the structures of the cation radicals 2,4,6-[C(6)H(3)F(3)](+) and C(6)I(6)(+) did not exhibit Jahn-Teller distortions. DFT calculations showed that the explanation for the lack of distortion of these cations from the D(3h) or D(6h) symmetry of the neutral benzene precursor was different for 2,4,6-[C(6)H(3)F(3)](+) than for [C(6)I(6)](+).

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“…[202] Postsynthetic annealing of the obtained films at 600 8C or 800 8C in combination with electron irradiation in a transmission electron microscope was reported to yield carbon nanotubes. [203,204] Despite these efforts, the scope of the electrochemical approach seems limited by the exclusive use of perfluorocarbon precursors, the lack of supramolecular control, and because the utilization of amalgamate reactants, while allowing for notably milder conditions in terms of temperature, is still incompatible with most functional groups.…”

Section: Electrochemical Carbonization Of Perfluorocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Carbonaceous Materials from Molecular Precursors

et al. 2010

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Nanostructured carbonaceous materials, that is, carbon materials with a feature size on the nanometer scale and, in some cases, functionalized surfaces, already play an important role in a wide range of emerging fields, such as the search for novel energy sources, efficient energy storage, sustainable chemical technology, as well as organic electronic materials. Furthermore, such materials might offer solutions to the challenges associated with the on-going depletion of nonrenewable energy resources or climate change, and they may promote further breakthroughs in the field of microelectronics. However, novel methods for their preparation will be required that afford functional carbon materials with controlled surface chemistry, mesoscopic morphology, and microstructure. A highly promising approach for the synthesis of such materials is based on the use of well-defined molecular precursors.

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In-situ observation of formation of nanoscale carbon tubules

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Evolution kinetics of sp2 ordering in tetrahedral amorphous carbon films induced by electron irradiation

Evolution kinetics of sp2 ordering in tetrahedral amorphous carbon films induced by electron irradiation

Halogenated Benzene Cation Radicals

Nanostructured Carbonaceous Materials from Molecular Precursors

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