In situ observation of filler displacement during tensile deformation of nanosilica-filled natural rubber using field-emission scanning electron microscope

Urushihara, Yoshimasa; Li, Lei; Matsui, Junji; Nishino, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.11.003

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For a number of applications, therefore, addition of a reinforcing phase is necessary. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Silica is known as one of effective fillers for reinforcing rubber; it is primarily used in the production of light colored-products. 6 Silica is used also to reinforce synthetic rubbers 7 as well as epoxies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulcanization Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Natural Rubber Reinforced with Silane Modified Silica

Chonkaew¹,

Minghvanish²,

Kungliean³

et al. 2011

J. Nanosci. Nanotech.

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Two silane coupling agents were used for hydrolysis-condensation reaction modification of nanosilica surfaces. The surface characteristics were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber (NR) + silica composites was studied and compared to behavior of the neat NR using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the dynamic scan mode. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed to evaluate the effects of the surface modification. Activation energy E(a) values for the reaction are obtained. The presence of silica, modified or otherwise, inhibits the vulcanization reaction of NR. The neat silica containing system has the lowest cure rate index and the highest activation energy for the vulcanization reaction. The coupling agent with longer chains causes more swelling and moves the glass transition temperature T(g) downwards. Below the glass transition region, silica causes a lowering of the dynamic storage modulus G', a result of hindering the cure reaction. Above the glass transition, silica-again modified or otherwise-provides the expected reinforcement effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulcanization Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Natural Rubber Reinforced with Silane Modified Silica

Chonkaew¹,

Minghvanish²,

Kungliean³

et al. 2011

J. Nanosci. Nanotech.

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“…In comparison with carbon black (traditional filler), the tensile test indicated that the addition of nano-SiO 2 (5 phr) in NR matrix significantly increased tensile strength and elongation at break (up to 43% and 88% increases, resp.). By using the combination of FE-SEM with a tensile test for nano-SiO 2 filled NR, Urushihara et al [19] found that the formation of nano-SiO 2 aggregates with high elastic modulus in the NR matrix. On the other hand, during the melting mixture of NR/PE blend, nano-SiO 2 not only was dispersed into NR matrix but also can be incorporated into the PE matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Fe₃O₄–Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles and Natural Rubber-Polyethylene Blends

Ngo

Nguyen

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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For the vulcanized natural rubber (NR), incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the NR matrix did not exhibit the bactericidal property against Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, incorporation of AgNPs into polyethylene (PE) matrix showed good antibacterial activities to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In the present work, NR/PE (85/15) blends have been prepared by melt blending with presence of compatibilizer in an internal mixer. To possess antibacterial property, AgNPs (5–10 nm) or Fe3O4–Ag hybrid nanoparticles (FAgNPs, 8 nm/16 nm) were added into PE matrix before its blending with NR component. The tensile test indicated that the presence of compatibilizer in NR/PE blend significantly enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break (up to 35% and 38% increases, resp.). The antibacterial activity test was performed by monitoring of the bacterial lag-log growth phases with the presence of nanocomposites in the E. coli cell culture reactor. The antibacterial test showed that the presence of FAgNPs in NR/PE blend had a better antibacterial activity than that obtained with the lone AgNPs. Two similar reasons were proposed: (i) the faster Ag+ release rate from the Fe3O4–Ag hybrid nanoparticles due to the electron transfer from AgNP to Fe3O4 nanoparticle and (ii) the fact that the ionization of AgNPs in hybrid nanostructure might be accelerated by Fe3+ ions.

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“…SEM is an important tool for investigating the morphology of materials . The dispersion state of supported antioxidant SiO 2 ‐2246 and SiO 2 /2246 mixture in SBR matrix are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐phase preparation method of silica‐supported 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenol) and its antioxidative behavior in styrene‐butadiene rubber

Jia

Luo

Wang

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A solid-phase preparation method is applied to the synthesis of a novel supported rubber antioxidant, silica-supported 2,2 0 -methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol) (SiO 2 -2246), by directly reacting 2,2 0 -methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol)(antioxidant 2246) with silica. FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TGA confirm that the antioxidant 2246 is chemically bonded on the surface of the silica particles. The SEM observation shows that the SiO 2 -2246 is homogeneously dispersed in the styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix. The results of the apparent activation energy and the attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrometry indicate that the antioxidative efficiency of the SiO 2 -2246 in SBR is superior to the corresponding low-molecular-weight 2246. The thermal oxidative stability of the SBR/SiO 2 -2246 composites is much higher than that of the SBR/SiO 2 /2246 composites by comparing their mechanical properties retentions and crosslinking densities. Additionally, the advantages of SiO 2 -2246 also include low migration, low volatility, and low pollution.

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In situ observation of filler displacement during tensile deformation of nanosilica-filled natural rubber using field-emission scanning electron microscope

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Vulcanization Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Natural Rubber Reinforced with Silane Modified Silica

Vulcanization Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Natural Rubber Reinforced with Silane Modified Silica

Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Fe₃O₄–Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles and Natural Rubber-Polyethylene Blends

Solid‐phase preparation method of silica‐supported 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenol) and its antioxidative behavior in styrene‐butadiene rubber

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In situ observation of filler displacement during tensile deformation of nanosilica-filled natural rubber using field-emission scanning electron microscope

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Vulcanization Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Natural Rubber Reinforced with Silane Modified Silica

Vulcanization Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Natural Rubber Reinforced with Silane Modified Silica

Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Fe3O4–Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles and Natural Rubber-Polyethylene Blends

Solid‐phase preparation method of silica‐supported 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenol) and its antioxidative behavior in styrene‐butadiene rubber

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Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Fe₃O₄–Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles and Natural Rubber-Polyethylene Blends