In situ microstructure analysis of Inconel 625 during laser powder bed fusion

Schmeiser, Felix; Krohmer, Erwin; Wagner, Christian; Schell, Norbert; Uhlmann, Eckart; Reimers, W.

doi:10.1007/s10853-021-06577-8

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…6); This was also found by Gruber et al [82] and Parimi et al [83], who qualitatively show chemical segregation effects for gas atomized Inconel 718 powder. Recently, Schmeiser et al [84] observed a similar peak asymmetry for L-PBF Inconel 625 and attributed it mainly to Nb and Mo segregation at the walls of intragranular cells (see Fig. 4).…”

Section: Origin Of the Diffraction Peak Asymmetrysupporting

confidence: 57%

Understanding the impact of texture on the micromechanical anisotropy of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718

et al. 2022

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The manufacturability of metallic alloys using laser-based additive manufacturing methods such as laser powder bed fusion has substantially improved within the last decade. However, local melting and solidification cause hierarchically structured and crystallographically textured microstructures possessing large residual stress. Such microstructures are not only the origin of mechanical anisotropy but also pose metrological challenges for the diffraction-based residual stress determination. Here we demonstrate the influence of the build orientation and the texture on the microstructure and consequently the mechanical anisotropy of as-built Inconel 718. For this purpose, we manufactured specimens with [001]/[011]-, [001]- and [011]/[$$\overline{1} {\text{11}}$$ 1 ¯ 11 ]-type textures along their loading direction. In addition to changes in the Young’s moduli, the differences in the crystallographic textures result in variations of the yield and ultimate tensile strengths. With this in mind, we studied the anisotropy on the micromechanical scale by subjecting the specimens to tensile loads along the different texture directions during in situ neutron diffraction experiments. In this context, the response of multiple lattice planes up to a tensile strain of 10% displayed differences in the load partitioning and the residual strain accumulation for the specimen with [011]/[$$\overline{1} {\text{11}}$$ 1 ¯ 11 ]-type texture. However, the relative behavior of the specimens possessing an [001]/[011]- and [001]-type texture remained qualitatively similar. The consequences on the metrology of residual stress determination methods are discussed.

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Section: Origin Of the Diffraction Peak Asymmetrysupporting

confidence: 57%

Understanding the impact of texture on the micromechanical anisotropy of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, crystallographic texture observations and microstructural changes, such as in situ recrystallization, were reported. 22 Furthermore, Wahlmann et al 23 gained unprecedented insights into phase transformations and the precipitate formation during the manufacturing of CMSX-4 components and thus showed new possibilities using in situ diffraction methods for LPBF research.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing dynamic processes in laser powder bed fusion with in situ X-ray diffraction at PETRA III

Krohmer

Schmeiser

Wahlmann

et al. 2022

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The high flux combined with the high energy of the monochromatic synchrotron radiation available at modern synchrotron facilities offers vast possibilities for fundamental research on metal processing technologies. Especially in the case of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), an additive manufacturing technology for the manufacturing of complex-shaped metallic parts, in situ methods are necessary to understand the highly dynamic thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical processes involved in the creation of the parts. At PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, a customized LPBF system featuring all essential functions of an industrial LPBF system, is used for in situ x-ray diffraction research. Three use cases with different experimental setups and research questions are presented to demonstrate research opportunities. First, the influence of substrate pre-heating and a complex scan pattern on the strain and internal stress progression during the manufacturing of Inconel 625 parts is investigated. Second, a study on the nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4 reveals the formation and dissolution of γ′ precipitates depending on the scan pattern in different part locations. Third, phase transitions during melting and solidification of an intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloy are examined, and the advantages of using thin platelet-shaped specimens to resolve the phase components are discussed. The presented cases give an overview of in situ x-ray diffraction experiments at PETRA III for research on the LPBF technology and provide information on specific experimental procedures.

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“…Despite recent advancements, one of the main limitations of MAM technology is the limited availability of processable materials. Typically, stainless steel, Ti6Al4V, Inconel 625, Inconel 718, and AlSi10Mg [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15] are the most extensively studied materials. Among these alloys, aluminum alloys stand out as some of the most interesting materials due to their low specific weight, excellent strength-to-weight ratio, intrinsic corrosion resistance, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and optimal formability and machinability [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Characterization of Innovative Gas-Atomized Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloys for Additive Manufacturing

Vanzetti,

Pavel,

Williamson

et al. 2023

Metals

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Metallic powders are widely utilized as feedstock materials in metal additive manufacturing (MAM). However, only a limited number of alloys can currently be processed using these technologies, with most of them being casting alloys. The objective of this study is to investigate novel aluminum alloys produced via a close-coupled gas atomizer (CCGA) by adding an increasing amount of copper (4, 8, and 20 wt%) to an AlSi10Mg alloy. The obtained powders were fully characterized to evaluate the effect of copper, a well-established strengthener for aluminum alloys, in order to correlate the obtained hardness to the powder phase composition and microstructure. In particular, a dendritic microstructure was observed in all alloys, and, as the copper content was increased, the size of the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) decreased progressively. Consequently, the hardness measured on the powder cross-section linearly increased with the copper content, and the hardness value of 185 ± 13 HV of the AlCu20Si10Mg composition was found to be twice that of the AlSi10Mg alloy (88 ± 5 HV).

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In situ microstructure analysis of Inconel 625 during laser powder bed fusion

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Understanding the impact of texture on the micromechanical anisotropy of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718

Understanding the impact of texture on the micromechanical anisotropy of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718

Revealing dynamic processes in laser powder bed fusion with in situ X-ray diffraction at PETRA III

Design and Characterization of Innovative Gas-Atomized Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloys for Additive Manufacturing

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