In situ microcosm experiments on the influence of nitrate and light on phytoplankton community composition

Carter, C.M.; Ross, Alex H.; Schiel, David R.; Howard‐Williams, Clive; Hayden, Barbara J.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.05.006

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The concept of affinity-driven succession applies seamlessly to (near-surface) seasonal succession as observable in our results: As the bloom persists, colonizing species with low nutrient affinities are replaced by species with higher nutrient affinity. Thus, our result corroborates that nutrient availability and differences in nutrient affinity may control succession; this is also tentatively indicated by in-situ microcosm experiments demonstrating that nitrate addition in oligotrophic environments greatly changes the phytoplankton community structure (Carter et al 2005). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

Bruggeman

Kooijman

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

119

108

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Current aquatic ecosystem models accommodate increasing amounts of physiological detail, but marginalize the role of biodiversity by aggregating multitudes of different species. We propose that at present, understanding of aquatic ecosystems is likely to benefit more from improved descriptions of biodiversity and succession than from incorporation of more realistic physiology. To illustrate how biodiversity can be accounted for, we define the system of infinite diversity (SID), which characterizes ecosystems in the spirit of complex adaptive systems theory as single units adapting to environmental pressure. The SID describes an ecosystem with one generic population model and continuity in species-characterizing parameters, and acquires rich dynamics by modeling succession as evolution of the parameter value distribution. This is illustrated by a four-parameter phytoplankton model that minimizes physiological detail, but includes a sophisticated representation of community diversity and interspecific differences. This model captures several well-known aquatic ecosystem features, including formation of a deep chlorophyll maximum and nutrient-driven seasonal succession. As such, it integrates theories on changes in species composition in both time and space. We argue that despite a lack of physiological detail, SIDs may ultimately prove a valuable tool for further qualitative and quantitative understanding of ecosystems.Biodiversity poses a perennial problem for ecosystem modelers. Confronted with a reality fraught with species, dependencies, and physiological detail, one cannot help but think that simple models cannot do it justice (Anderson 2005). Simple models aggregate large numbers of species into single state variables, and by doing so they lose the ability to reproduce ranges of behavior shown by detailed species-explicit models (Raick et al. 2006). Also, the use of aggregation puts models at a greater distance from empirical results, first because assimilation of empirically determined, species-specific parameter values to parameters of virtual aggregates of species is a difficult and largely subjective process; second because aggregate models provide only indirect information about individual species observed in the field. Not surprisingly, large ecosystem models that describe many classes of species explicitly have recently gained in popularity (Baretta et al. 1995; Quéré et al. 2005). However, continued diversification of functional groups may create more problems than it solves. Increasing the number of groups within ecosystem models dilutes the available empirical information per model unit, and therefore increases the uncertainty per parameter. Considering the substantial uncertainty already associated with parameters of moderate-size ecosystem models, this route seems unappealing. Also, it is easy to overlook that as the number of variables within an ecosystem model increases, so does the amount of information needed to initialize the model. A utopian species-complete model would require ini...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

Bruggeman

Kooijman

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

119

108

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“…The available evidence suggests that the temperate coastal waters surrounding New Zealand are also nitrogen deficient (Carter et al 2005). Peaks in F. vesiculosus tissue phosphorus content coincided with maximum seawater nitrate concentrations and algal tissue nitrogen content (Perini & Bracken 2014).…”

Section: Ulva Intestinalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viaroli et al 1996). The available evidence (Carter et al 2005) suggests that nitrogen is the nutrient most likely to be limiting growth of algae in New Zealand coastal waters, mainly in summer. At other times of the year, particularly winter, it is likely that light and/or temperature limit growth.…”

Section: Ulva Intestinalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply- and demand-driven phosphate uptake and tissue phosphorus in temperate seaweeds

Douglas¹,

Haggitt²,

Rees

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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High in situ rates of phosphate uptake should coincide with high tissue phosphorus content and/or high growth rate and be either supply-driven (largely controlled by the phosphate concentration in the surrounding seawater) or demand-driven (largely dictated by the maximum uptake rate, V max , and under the control of the organism). To test this hypothesis, 6 common New Zealand seaweed species (Cystophora torulosa, Melanthalia abscissa, Pterocladia lucida, Ulva intestinalis, Xiphophora chondrophylla and Zonaria turneriana) were used. We calculated in situ rates of phosphate uptake from the kinetic constants of uptake, monthly rates of uptake at a fixed phosphate concentration and seawater phosphate concentration, and compared these rates with monthly tissue phosphorus content. There were no significant differences in the half-saturation constant (K m ) values for phosphate uptake by the 6 species. V max and affinity (V max /K m ) were largely a function of the seaweed surface area:volume quotient. In the 5 species where there was a peak in tissue phosphorus levels, it occurred in July or September/October. Peaks in tissue phosphorus in M. abscissa, P. lucida, U. intestinalis and Z. turneriana coincided with, or occurred soon after, peaks in calculated in situ rates of phosphate uptake. Maximum rates of in situ phosphate uptake were demand-driven in all subtidal species and supply-driven in the only intertidal alga U. intestinalis.

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“…These 2 specific blooms cannot thus influence the amplitude or the occurrence of maximum ([Ba]/[Ca]) shell ratios. Neither specific species, nor these two genera (Chaetoceros and Gymnodynium), nor these two largest group of eukaryotic algae (diatoms or dinoflagellates), nor the total phytoplankton abundance are directly correlated with these ( in the seawater (r 2 >0.70, p<0.30, n=16) ( (Carter et al, 2005). Nutrient availability governs the amplitude of phytoplankton blooms and its composition Le Pape et al, 1996;Ragueneau et al, 2002).…”

Section: Environmental Monitoring Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient availability governs the amplitude of phytoplankton blooms and its composition Le Pape et al, 1996;Ragueneau et al, 2002). However, higher dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the seawater during the month preceding ([Ba]/[Ca]) shell maxima promotes the primary productivity (Carter et al, 2005). Higher phytoplankton biomass induces then the production of higher inputs of PON in seawater.…”

Section: Environmental Monitoring Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency Barium profiles in shells of the Great Scallop <i>Pecten maximus</i>: a methodical long-term and multi-site survey in Western Europe

et al. 2009

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In situ microcosm experiments on the influence of nitrate and light on phytoplankton community composition

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

Supply- and demand-driven phosphate uptake and tissue phosphorus in temperate seaweeds

High frequency Barium profiles in shells of the Great Scallop <i>Pecten maximus</i>: a methodical long-term and multi-site survey in Western Europe

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In situ microcosm experiments on the influence of nitrate and light on phytoplankton community composition

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

Supply- and demand-driven phosphate uptake and tissue phosphorus in temperate seaweeds

High frequency Barium profiles in shells of the Great Scallop &lt;i&gt;Pecten maximus&lt;/i&gt;: a methodical long-term and multi-site survey in Western Europe

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High frequency Barium profiles in shells of the Great Scallop <i>Pecten maximus</i>: a methodical long-term and multi-site survey in Western Europe