In Situ Methods for Determination of Microbial Disappearance in Sea Water

Harremoës, Poul

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-018302-2.50025-6

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Effluent release experiments involve discharge of effluent labelled with a conservative tracer (e.g., fluorescent dye or radioactive isotope). Tracer concentrations must be measured in the resulting effluent field to correct bacterial counts for physical dispersion (21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sunlight Inactivation of Enterococci and Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Effluent Diluted in Seawater

Davies‐Colley

Bell

Donnison³

1994

Appl Environ Microbiol

159

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Inactivation (loss of culturability) by sunlight of enterococci and fecal coliforms within sewage effluent diluted in seawater was investigated in field experiments. In most experiments, 500-ml flasks of pure silica were used to confine activated sludge effluent diluted to 2% (vol/vol) in seawater. Inactivation of bacteria in these flasks (diameter, 0.1 m) was faster than in either open chambers (depth, 0.25 m) or patches of dyed effluent (depth of order, 1 m), probably because of the longer light paths in the latter two types of experiment, which caused greater attenuation of sunlight. Inactivation of 90% of enterococci generally required 2.3 times the insolation required for 90% inactivation of fecal coliforms, because of both the presence of larger initial shoulders on survival curves and a lower final inactivation rate. Two parameters are required to model inactivation of enterococci, a shoulder constant as well as a rate coefficient. The depth dependence of inactivation rate for both fecal indicators matched the attenuation profile of UV-A radiation at about 360 nm. Inactivation by UV-B radiation (290 to 320 nm), which penetrates much less into seawater, is of minor importance compared with the UV-A and visible radiation in sunlight, contrary to expectations in consideration of published action spectra for bacterial inactivation.

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confidence: 99%