In situ measurements of aerosol vertical and spatial distributions over continental India during the major drought year 2009

Padmakumari, B.; Maheskumar, R. S.; Harikishan, G.; Morwal, Savita B.; Prabha, Thara V.; Kulkarni, J. R.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.064

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The changes in CasHKI intensity are mostly associated with variability in atmospheric circulation patterns and meridional winds over central Asia (Figs. 1, 2), while ISM is controlled by different factors, like SST variations, ENSO, dust radiative forcing, and others (Padmakumari et al, 2013;Vinoj et al, 2014;Solmon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cashki Variation and Indian Summer Monsoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, other model simulations showed increase in rainfall over northern India (Vinoj et al, 2014) for higher dust activity. The dustrainfall interactions over south Asia is a complex phenomenon, even difficult to be simulated, since indirect aerosol effects on warm and ice clouds, cloud albedo, lifetime and convective precipitation have not been simulated; all these have a strong regional impact that is difficult to be assessed (Padmakumari et al, 2013;Harikishan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cashki Variation and Indian Summer Monsoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index (CasHKI): A regulatory factor for dust activity over southwest Asia

Kaskaoutis

Houssos

Rashki

et al. 2016

Global and Planetary Change

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Section: Cashki Variation and Indian Summer Monsoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cashki Variation and Indian Summer Monsoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index (CasHKI): A regulatory factor for dust activity over southwest Asia

Kaskaoutis

Houssos

Rashki

et al. 2016

Global and Planetary Change

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“…Several studies (Barkan et al, 2005;Washington et al, 2006;Todd et al, 2008;Basart et al, 2012;Ben-Ami et al, 2012;Israelevich et al, 2012;Pey et al, 2013;Fiedler et al, 2014;Salvador et al, 2014) have revealed that emission, vertical distribution and transport of Saharan dust over the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Basin are strongly interlinked with meteorological variations and climate dynamics. Although atmospheric circulation patterns associated with dust storms are also well known over the Middle East (Awad and Mashat, 2013;Hamidi et al, 2013;Najafi et al, 2014;Saeed et al, 2014), lack of specific knowledge still exists over SW Asia, where changes in the continental dust emissions and transport over the Arabian Sea may modify dust-cloud-precipitation interactions (Padmakumari et al, 2013;Harikishan et al, 2015) and ISM rainfall (Rahul et al, 2008;Gautam et al, 2009;Vinoj et al, 2014;Solmon et al, 2015;Jin et al, 2016). Therefore, although the major dust sources over SW Asia and their seasonality are very well known (Middleton, 1986;Prospero et al, 2002;Ginoux et al, 2012;Rashki et al, 2014;Cao et al, 2015), the atmospheric circulation and meteorological processes modulating the dust activity have not been evaluated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of changes in atmospheric dynamics and dust activity over southwest Asia using the Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index

Kaskaoutis

Rashki

Houssos

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study examines the influence of the Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index (CasHKI) on local and synoptic meteorology as well as on dust emissions over southwest (SW) Asia by means of National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP‐NCAR) re‐analysed mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP), geopotential height at 700 hPa and surface meridional wind, along with meteorological data at Zabol, east Iran and Meteosat/Infrared Difference Dust Index (IDDI) retrievals. The analysis focuses on the summer period (June to September) of 2000–2014 and the winter period (November to March) of 1963–2014. The CasHKI values are mostly controlled by the MSLP anomalies over the Caspian Sea (CS) domain, varying from approximately −25 to +35 hPa in winter and from approximately−10 to +14 hPa in summer, but without a clear annual pattern. The CasHKI values are classified into four modes for each month depending on their intensity. In the summer months, the high CasHKI mode is associated with enhanced MSLP over central Asia and deepening of the Indo‐Pakistan thermal low associated with the Indian summer monsoon. At 700‐hPa level, the high CasHKI mode shows an enhancement of the Arabian ridge, expanding it to the north over Iran and the CS, with a concurrent strengthening of the Indian trough, leading to intensification of northerly winds along east Iran. This results in significant increase in dust activity over SW Asia, which is also apparent in the winter months. Furthermore, the intensification of the northerly flow associated with the high CasHKI modes drops the temperature and increases the relative humidity over Zabol, especially during winter. The SPRINTARS‐model simulations also show increased dust emissions and concentrations for the high CasHKI values, confirming that the CasHKI variations modulate the dust activity over SW Asia throughout the year.

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“…This observed increase in aerosol concentration in the vicinity of clouds may contribute to the redistribution of aerosol in the free troposphere over the continent. This may indicate some relative contribution to the elevated aerosol layers that have been observed over the subcontinent [Satheesh et al, 2008;Raj et al, 2008;Padmakumari et al, 2013aPadmakumari et al, , 2013b. The elevated aerosol layers, however, are formed due to different mechanisms, such as long-range transport and suspension of these layers due to residual or stable layers present above the boundary layer and due to injection from the boundary layer [Prabha et al, 2012].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐cloud aerosols in monsoon environment and its impact on radiative forcing

et al. 2015

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In order to understand the near-cloud aerosol properties and their impact on radiative forcing, we utilized in situ aircraft measurements of aerosol particles and cloud droplets during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment carried out over the Indian subcontinent in the monsoon season. From the measurement of aerosol size distribution of diameter range from 0.1 to 50 μm, we reported that aerosol concentrations could be enhanced by 81% and the effective diameter (d eff , μm) by a factor of 2 near the cloud edges when compared with regions far from the cloud. These enhanced aerosol concentrations are a function of the relative humidity (RH) in the cloud-free zone, attributed to mixing and entrainment processes in the cloud edges. It is also found that for warm clouds, RH increases exponentially in the near-cloud regions. In addition, d eff was increased linearly with RH. Through model simulations, we found that aerosol optical depth decreases with distance from the cloud edge. Further, aerosols in cloud edges were found to increase the reflected flux by 20% compared to cloud-free regions, thus brightening the near-cloud areas.

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In situ measurements of aerosol vertical and spatial distributions over continental India during the major drought year 2009

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

The Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index (CasHKI): A regulatory factor for dust activity over southwest Asia

The Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index (CasHKI): A regulatory factor for dust activity over southwest Asia

Assessment of changes in atmospheric dynamics and dust activity over southwest Asia using the Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index

Near‐cloud aerosols in monsoon environment and its impact on radiative forcing

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