In situ measurement of the precipitate volume fraction and interfacial lattice misfit during non-isothermal creep in the superalloy CMSX-4

In-Situ Monitoring of Phase Transition and Microstructure Evolution in Ni-Based Superalloys by Electrical Resistivity: Direct Comparison With Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Application to Case Studies

“…Such experimentation is rarely done because the thermal cycling rate is normally beyond the capability of a conventional resistance furnace, and in-situ monitoring of hardening precipitates (c¢ or c¢¢) typically relies upon sufficient time for data collection during synchrotron radiation experiments. [10,12,16] Having the above in mind, we utilized the ETMT system to gain insight into the aforementioned scenario, where both in-situ monitoring of phase transition and high thermal cycling rates can be achieved. Waspaloy, a c¢ strengthened weldable superalloy, was taken as an example to study the multi-pass welding in the solid state.…”

“…The equilibrium volume fraction at 1100 °C is lower at ~50 pct. [10,23,29,70] The increasing LVDT displacement indicates that the whole system, including the sample and water-cooled grips, needs approximately 1000 seconds to stabilize; however, it did not affect the result. If the displacement affects the resistivity, it should increase due to an elongation of measurement length, which was not the case for this experiment.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9] In-situ measurement techniques such as neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffractometry are also utilized in order to understand microstructure evolution and phase transitions during continuous heating/cooling, c¢ volume fraction and c/c¢ lattice misfit at different temperatures, and microstructural change during deformation of Ni-based superalloys. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] These are very powerful methods and they have provided substantial contributions to understanding in this research field. The most significant point detracting from these methods is the relatively limited access to these experimental facilities and their operating costs.…”

Investigating spatio-temporal deformation in single crystal Ni-based superalloys using in-situ diffraction experiments and modelling

“…Owing to the application of white light, resultant changes in lattice parameters due to strain gradient in the sample allows the diffracted beams to be in prominence and track the resultant changes in its shape and position. Most of such monochromatic synchrotron based work [58][59][60] use lattice parameter calculations as a means to study their evolution and resulting misfit between γ and γ′ phases during high temperature loading. But the combinatorial and complimentary characterisation approach of micro-Laue diffraction coupled with TEM and crystal plasticity on uniaxial loading allow us to relate the stress response of the material describing the full field plastic strain in three-dimension with the microstructure of the deforming volume [27,61].…”

Phase Evolution and Thermal Expansion Behavior of a γ′ Precipitated Ni-Based Superalloy by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

“…Many investigations have been focused on the γ′ precipitates, their evolution during heating or cooling in terms of size, shape, composition, volume fraction and lattice misfit with γ phase [5][6][7][8]. The grain boundary carbides also play an important role in the strengthening that can prevent or retard grain-boundary sliding and make the grain boundary stronger [9,10].…”