In situ measurement of an emerging persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) substance - Melamine and related triazines in waters by diffusive gradient in thin-films

Liu, Sisi; Cai, Qi-Si; Li, Cailin; Cheng, Shengming; Wang, Zhanyun; Yang, Yuanyuan; Ying, Guang‐Guo; Sweetman, Andrew J.; Chen, Chang-Er

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117752

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As recently discussed by Liu et al [46], melamine, a high production-volume chemical in Europe and highly mobile in the environment, is not yet classified as a SVHC, but has gained a lot of public attention because of its PMT-properties. This chemical is currently under assessment as potential contaminant of concern by the EU PBT Expert Group (PBT Expert Group -ECHA (europa.eu)).…”

Section: Estimated Pmt-scores For Known Aquatic Contaminants Of Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and prioritising Persistent, Mobile and Toxic chemicals: development and application of a robust scoring system

Hartmann

Rorije

Wassenaar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Lately scientific and societal concern has emerged about persistent (P), mobile (M) and toxic (T) chemicals. Such chemicals, like some polyfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), are of concern due to their high mobility and persistence in aquatic compartments which relates to long-term biotic exposure and difficult removal from drinking water. In this study a screening approach for identification of PMT chemicals was developed and applied to 6,158 diverse chemicals. Results Chemicals are given a continuous score for P, M and T potential based on modelled indicators (low potential is a score of 0 to 0.33, high potential is a score of 0.33 to 0.5 and very high potential a score of 0.5 to 1). The P-score was based on the estimated aquatic environmental half-life and the M-score on the chemical’s organic carbon/water partition coefficient (Koc) using respectively the BIOWIN3 and KocWIN QSAR models of EPISuite™. The T-score was based on indicators for five human health endpoints: carcinogenicity (c), mutaganicity (m), reprotoxicity (r), endocrine disruption (ED) and general repeated dose systemic toxicity. Structural alerts for these endpoints taken from the OECD QSAR Toolbox™ and Toxtree™ were used as indicators of potential (human) toxicity. Chemical similarity values to Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) with c, m and/or r properties were also included. Value functions were developed to translate the presence of alerts and similarity to existing SVHCs to values between 0 to 1. Subsequently, all values were also aggregated to an overall PMT-score, again ranging from 0 to 1. Applying the approach to chemicals from the Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances, which are also REACH registered, resulted in 15% of the chemicals receiving high scores (≥0.33) for all three (P-, M- and T-) indicators, and 4% getting very high scores (≥0.5) for both the P- and M-indicators. Conclusions The approach confirmed the properties of chemicals classified as SVHC due to PMT properties (e.g. 1,4-dioxane), illustrating the ability of the approach to identify PMT chemicals of concern. Water regulators, drinking water suppliers and others can use this approach to identify potential PMT/vPvM chemicals that need further investigation.

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Section: Estimated Pmt-scores For Known Aquatic Contaminants Of Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and prioritising Persistent, Mobile and Toxic chemicals: development and application of a robust scoring system

Hartmann

Rorije

Wassenaar

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Numerous pieces of evidence together indicate that melamine is adversely affecting the ecosystem and human health. In recent years, the occurrence of melamine has been reported in various environmental media, − plants, animals, − and humans. − Moreover, the highest concentration of melamine in sewage treatment plants (STPs) ever recorded in the world was reported in China. , Due to its high detection rates (33–91%) and concentrations (>1 μg/L) in the water environment, which exceed those of most other PMT/vPvM substances, melamine is increasingly recognized as a critical pollutant of drinking water sources. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38−40 Moreover, the highest concentration of melamine in sewage treatment plants (STPs) ever recorded in the world was reported in China. 26,34 Due to its high detection rates (33− 91%) and concentrations (>1 μg/L) in the water environment, which exceed those of most other PMT/vPvM substances, melamine is increasingly recognized as a critical pollutant of drinking water sources. 30−32 The ubiquitous environmental contamination of melamine comes from its extensive production (more than one million tonnes per annum 41,42 ) and use in industrial processing and commercial products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Source Distribution and Emission Inventory of a Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) Substance, Melamine, in China

Zhang,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances are affecting the safety of drinking water and are threatening the environment and human health. Many PMT substances are used in industrial processing or consumer products, but their sources and emissions mostly remain unclear. This study presents a long-term source distribution and emission estimation of melamine, a high-production-volume PMT substance of emerging global concern. The results indicate that in China, approximately 1858.7 kilotonnes (kt) of melamine were released into the water (∼58.9%), air (∼27.0%), and soil systems (∼14.1%) between 1995 and 2020, mainly from its production and use in the decorative panels, textiles, and paper industries. The textile and paper industries have the highest emission-to-consumption ratios, with more than 90% emissions per unit consumption. Sewage treatment plants are the largest source of melamine in the environment for the time being, but in-use products and their wastes will serve as significant melamine sources in the future. The study prompts priority action to control the risk of PMT substances internationally.

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“…Therefore, these PM substances have been prioritized as pollutants of concern for drinking water, particularly in Europe, to protect drinking water [ 3 ]. Recent studies showed the presence of emerging contaminants such as cyanoguanidine (CG), n-(3-(dimethylamino)-propyl)methacrylamide (MAPMA), 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid (MPSA), benzyldimethylamine (BDMA), benzyltrimethylammonium (BETMAC), adamantan-1-amine (ATA), 1,3-di- o -tolylguanidine (DIOTOG), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), 4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine (HHTMP), melamine (MEL), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (AAMPS), dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid (DMBSA), p -toluenesulfonic acid (PTSS) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) in surface and groundwater with concentrations in the ranges of ng/L and μg/L [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ]. In addition, 53% of the detected emerging PM substances were above 0.1 μg/L [ 4 , 8 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of potentially persistent and mobile organic micropollutants in column experiments

Zeeshan¹,

Schumann²,

Pabst³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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In situ measurement of an emerging persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) substance - Melamine and related triazines in waters by diffusive gradient in thin-films

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Screening and prioritising Persistent, Mobile and Toxic chemicals: development and application of a robust scoring system

Screening and prioritising Persistent, Mobile and Toxic chemicals: development and application of a robust scoring system

Dynamic Source Distribution and Emission Inventory of a Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) Substance, Melamine, in China

Transformation of potentially persistent and mobile organic micropollutants in column experiments

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