In situ light‐activated materials for skin wound healing and repair: A narrative review

Abstract

Dermal wounds are a major global health burden made worse by common comorbidities such as diabetes and infection. Appropriate wound closure relies on a highly coordinated series of cellular events, ultimately bridging tissue gaps and regenerating normal physiological structures. Wound dressings are an important component of wound care management, providing a barrier against external insults while preserving the active reparative processes underway within the wound bed. The development of wound dressings with biomaterial constituents has become an attractive design strategy due to the varied functions intrinsic in biological polymers, such as cell instructiveness, growth factor binding, antimicrobial properties, and tissue integration. Using photosensitive agents to generate crosslinked or photopolymerized dressings in situ provides an opportunity to develop dressings rapidly within the wound bed, facilitating robust adhesion to the wound bed for greater barrier protection and adaptation to irregular wound shapes. Despite the popularity of this fabrication approach, relatively few experimental wound dressings have undergone preclinical translation into animal models, limiting the overall integrity of assessing their potential as effective wound dressings. Here, we provide an up‐to‐date narrative review of reported photoinitiator‐ and wavelength‐guided design strategies for in situ light activation of biomaterial dressings that have been evaluated in preclinical wound healing models.

Biochemical Behavior, Influence on Cell DNA Condition, and Microbiological Properties of Wool and Wool–Copper Materials

“…The copper bulk concentration in the investigated samples after the performed washing (in accordance with the EN ISO 105-C06:2010 standard [118]) is lower; however, the cooper coatings are still present on the surface of the wool fabric. For the WO-Cu (5) (0.06) sample, the copper bulk content lowered to ~85% of the original value, for the WO-Cu (10) (0.14) to ~88% of the initial bulk concentration, and for the sample WO-Cu (15) (0.38) to ~86% of the copper bulk content prior to the washing. Therefore, it may be concluded that the functionalized samples exhibit a satisfactory washing fastness.…”

“…The evaluation of the copper bulk concentration in wool-copper materials was performed with the use of the FAAS method and is presented in Table 4. (5) (0.06) 2990 0.05 WO-Cu (10) 10 9020 0.14 WO-Cu (10) The copper bulk content in the WO-Cu samples depends on the applied sputtering deposition time, and the correlation bewteen the copper bulk content and the deposition time is almost linear: 5 min process-3510 mg/kg (WO-Cu (5) (0.06)); 10 min process-9020 mg/kg (WO-Cu (10) (0.14)); 15 min process-24,270 mg/kg (WO-Cu (15) (0.38)). In addition, the distribution of copper in a WO-Cu material's bulk after the magnetron sputtering process is uniform.…”

“…The results of EDS analysis of the chemical composition of the WO sample and WO-Cu samples are listed in Table 5. (5) (0.06); (c) WO-Cu (10) (0.14), and (d) WO-Cu (15) (0.38).…”

“…In the case of the unmodified sample (WO), the elemental analysis showed the presence of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, which are the main natural constituents of (5) (0.06); (c) WO-Cu (10) (0.14), and (d) WO-Cu (15) (0.38). In the case of the unmodified sample (WO), the elemental analysis showed the presence of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, which are the main natural constituents of wool [176].…”

“…Subsequent wound healing of the skin [ 2 ] presents a very complex biological process [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], and thus, its effective treatment has become one of the most important challenges for healthcare [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, various wound dressings have been tested [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], among them polymer composites exhibiting effective hemostatic [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] and antibacterial properties [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”