In Situ Laser Synthesis of Si Nanowires in the Dynamic TEM

Taheri, Mitra L.; Reed, Bryan W.; LaGrange, Thomas; Browning, Nigel D.

doi:10.1002/smll.200800588

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The ability to study dynamic processes in materials on a timescale approaching 1 nanosecond is the main driving force behind the development of the dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. To achieve this temporal resolution while still maintaining the direct high resolution imaging capability of a TEM, required the modification of a conventional TEM to create and control large electron bunches (containing ~10 9 electrons) -this development follows the groundbreaking research of Bostanjoglo and co-workers in this area [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in dynamic transmission electron microscopy

Browning

Bonds

Campbell

et al. 2012

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

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One of the current major driving forces behind instrument development in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the ability to observe materials processes as they occur in-situ within the microscope. For many processes, such as nucleation and growth, phase transformations and mechanical response under extreme conditions, the beam current in even the most advanced field emission TEM is insufficient to acquire images with the temporal resolution (~1s -1ns) needed to observe the fundamental interactions taking place. The dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) avoids this problem by using a short pulse laser to create an electron pulse of the required duration through photoemission which contains enough electrons to form a complete high resolution image. The current state-of-theart in high time resolution electron microscopy in this paper describes the development of the electron optics and detection schemes necessary to fully utilize these electron pulses for materials science. In addition, developments for future instrumentation and the experiments that are expected to be realized shortly will also be discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in dynamic transmission electron microscopy

Browning

Bonds

Campbell

et al. 2012

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

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“…First, the current DTEM at LLNL should be capable of incoherent imaging on the scale of ~10 ns and a few nm with the use of an ideal 100%-contrast sample. At present, the DTEM achieves better than 10-nm resolution in 15-ns exposures in conventional imaging, 29,30,[193][194][195][196] with real samples that inevitably have less than 100% contrast. Thus, the calculations seem to be reasonably close to reality in this indirect comparison.…”

Section: Resolution Limitations For Dtemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is this approach that has been employed at LLNL using a modified JEOL 2000FX (Figure 35) that now achieves ~10 nm spatial resolution at a time resolution of ~15 ns ( Figure 36 and Figure 37). The lessons learned from the LLNL DTEM 29,30,[193][194][195] form the basis of the DTEM II design at UC-Davis and both instruments will aid in the design and implementation of a UTEM described here. …”

Section: Two Contrasting Modes Of Operation: Stroboscopic and Single mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the previously described work of Bostanjoglo,28,197,198 Zewail and co-workers, 172,[185][186][187]234 the LLNL DTEM project, 29,30,[193][194][195][196] and the work that is currently underway at UC-Davis (which is being transferred to PNNL in 2012), there are projects that are building new microscopes in Japan, Switzerland, Germany and Russia. There is also a large-scale project for the development of DTEM being initiated in Canada.…”

Section: The Significance Of Single-shot Utem In the Global Research mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic of the LLNL DTEM I (left) and (right) image of the LLNL DTEM I as installed. 29,30,[193][194][195][196] …”

Section: Obtaining Temporal Resolution In Tem With a Photo-emission Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Processes in Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science: Opportunities for UltraFast Transmission Electron Microscopy - Workshop Summary Report

Kabius¹,

Browning²,

Thevuthasan³

et al. 2012

Self Cite

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This report summarizes a 2011 workshop held at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) in Richland, Washington, that addressed the potential role of rapid, time-resolved electron microscopy measurements in accelerating the solution of important scientific and technical problems. A series of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and National Academy of Science workshops have highlighted the critical role advanced research tools play in addressing scientific challenges relevant to biology, sustainable energy, and technologies that will fuel economic development without degrading our environment. Among the specific capability needs for advancing science and technology are tools that extract more detailed information in realistic environments (in situ or operando) at extreme conditions (pressure and temperature) and as a function of time (dynamic and time-dependent). One of the DOE workshops, "Future Science Needs and Opportunities for Electron Scattering: Next Generation Instrumentation and Beyond," specifically addressed the importance of electron-based characterization methods for a wide range of energy-relevant Grand Scientific Challenges. Boosted by the electron optical advancement in the last decade, a diversity of in situ capabilities already is available in many laboratories. These capabilities enable the investigations of biological and chemical processes in situ with the high spatial and spectroscopic resolution provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The remaining major capability gap is the lack of time resolution. State-of-the-art in situ TEM instrumentation allows time resolution of seconds or milliseconds at best. Present capabilities are far removed from the natural time scale on which processes on a microscopic level occur which is between microseconds (µs) to attoseconds (as).In an effort to address current capability gaps, EMSL, with support from FCSD, the Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate at PNNL, organized an "Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Workshop," held June 14-15, 2011, with the primary goal to identify the scientific needs that could be met by creating a facility capable of a strongly improved time resolution with integrated in situ capabilities. The workshop brought together more than 40 leading scientists involved in applying and/or advancing electron microscopy to address important scientific problems of relevance to DOE's research mission. This workshop built on previous workshops 1 and included three breakout sessions identifying scientific challenges in biology, biogeochemistry, catalysis, and materials science-frontier areas of fundamental science that underpin energy and environmental science-that would significantly benefit from ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the current status of time-resolved electron microscopy was examined, and the technologies that will enable future advances in spatio-temporal resolution were identified in a fourth breakout session.The major conclusion of the workshop was that significant scientific...

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Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscopy

Evans

Jungjohann

Browning

2012

Characterization of Materials

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Dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM) combines the benefits of high spatial resolution electron microscopy with the high temporal resolution of ultrafast lasers. The incorporation of these two components into a single instrument provides a perfect platform for in situ observations of material processes. However, previous applications for the first‐generation DTEM have focused primarily on observing structural changes occurring in samples exposed to high vacuum and have demonstrated a spatial resolution of 8 nm with a combined 15 ns temporal resolution. Yet, improved spatial resolution will be necessary for understanding dynamics of individual particles rather than bulk materials or thin films. Therefore, in order to expand the pump–probe experimental regime to more natural environmental conditions, in situ gas and liquid chambers must be coupled with a second‐generation aberration‐corrected DTEM that has been modeled to achieve better than 0.3 nm spatial resolution with 1 μs temporal resolution. This chapter describes the current and future applications of in situ liquid DTEM to permit time‐resolved atomic scale observations in an aqueous environment. Although this chapter focuses mostly on in situ liquid imaging, the same research potential exists for in situ gas experiments and the successful integration of these techniques promises new insights for understanding nanoparticle, catalyst, and biological protein dynamics with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.

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In Situ Laser Synthesis of Si Nanowires in the Dynamic TEM

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Recent developments in dynamic transmission electron microscopy

Recent developments in dynamic transmission electron microscopy

Dynamic Processes in Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science: Opportunities for UltraFast Transmission Electron Microscopy - Workshop Summary Report

Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscopy

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