“…Recently, the BATTERY 2030 + proposed the smart batteries concept, which is based on newly embedded sensors for monitoring status changes in real time. Currently, the temperature of the LIBs has been measured by using different methods, such as thermocouple [13][14][15][16], thermo-resistive [17][18][19][20][21], infrared camera [22][23][24][25][26][27], and optical fibre [28][29][30][31][32]. It is a critical challenge to obtain internal measurement that harsh electrochemical environment, the particular packaging structures and the excellent performance of the LIBs.…”