“…Water splitting powered by electricity is considered a promising process for generating hydrogen to alleviate public concerns about the escalating energy depletion and environmental pollution [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The oxidative process of water splitting, that is, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is a multielectron transfer process and a bottleneck in hydrogen generation.…”
“…Water splitting powered by electricity is considered a promising process for generating hydrogen to alleviate public concerns about the escalating energy depletion and environmental pollution [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The oxidative process of water splitting, that is, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is a multielectron transfer process and a bottleneck in hydrogen generation.…”
“…In general, the higher the double-layer capaci- tance (Cdl), the smaller the overpotential will be at a given current density. The EASA is proportional to the Cdl, which can be acquired from CV curves obtained at different scan rates in a non-faradaic potential region [57,58]. As shown in Fig.…”
“…Nonetheless, the inevitable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and competitive chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) on the anode limit the performance of seawater splitting. On the one hand, OER's intrinsically slow kinetics necessitate a high overpotential (1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) to complete a complex four-electron process [8][9][10]. On the other hand, for seawater splitting in alkaline media, chloride anions react with OH − at the anode to form hypochlorite, triggering the anodic chlorine evolution reaction, thus resulting in electrode corrosion and environmental pollution, which reduces electrolysis efficiency and sustainability [11,12].…”
When compared with pure water, hydrogen produced by seawater electrolysis has a better practical application potential. By replacing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and competitive chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) with the thermodynamically favorable anodic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline seawater, energy-saving hydrogen production can be achieved. In this study, Fe/Co dual-doped Ni 2 P and MIL-FeCoNi heterostructures (FeCo-Ni 2 P@MIL-FeCoNi) arrays with simultaneous cation doping and hetero-engineering provide excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance for HzOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater electrolyte. Overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) in seawater is impressive, with a low cell voltage of only 400 mV required to reach 1000 mA cm −2 and stable operation for 1000 h to maintain above 500 mA cm −2 . As a proof-of-concept, the OHzS system can save 3.03 kW h when producing 1.0 L of H 2 when compared with the N 2 H 4 -free seawater system, resulting in energy-saving H 2 production. Density functional theory calculations show that the combination of Co-doping and the fabrication of FeCo-Ni 2 P and MIL-FeCoNi heterointerfaces can result in a low water dissociation barrier, optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy toward HER, and favorable adsorbed dehydrogenation kinetics for HzOR. This processing route paves the way for a practical approach to the efficient utilization of hydrogen, which is abundant in the ocean energy field, to achieve a carbon-neutral hydrogen economy.
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