In-Situ Growth and Characterization of Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystal Rods

Abstract

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystal rods were synthesized in-situ by a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method and electron beam evaporation technique. When the electron-beam gun bombarded indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) and tin oxide (SnO 2 ) mixed sources, indium and tin droplets appeared and acted as catalysts. The nanocrystal rods were in-situ grown on the basis of the metal catalyst point. The nanorods have a single crystal structure. Its structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During the evaporation, a chemical process was happened and an In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 solid solution was formed. The percentage of doped tin oxide was calculated by Vegard's law to be 3.18%, which was in agreement with the mixture ratio of the experimental data. The single crystal rod had good semiconductor switch property and its threshold voltage of single rod was approximately 2.5 V which can be used as a micro switch device. The transmission rate of crystalline nanorods ITO film was over 90% in visible band and it was up to 95% in the blue green band as a result of the oxygen vacancy recombination luminescence.

Deposition and Application of Indium-Tin-Oxide Films for Defrosting Windscreens

“…The further increase of heating time le only to a minor change in the temperature. The heating characteristics indicated that th temperature saturation values of the ITO/glass substrate system were obtained after 12 s. It should be noted that the presence of SnO 2 and SnO phases in ITO films indicate peaks at 26.5 • and 33.2 • , respectively [27]. The absence of such peaks in the XRD spectrum indicates that only single phase of In 2 O 3 doped with Sn is present in the ITO-5 film.…”

ITO@SiO2 and ITO@{M6Br12}@SiO2 (M = Nb, Ta) Nanocomposite Films for Ultraviolet-Near Infrared Shielding

“…1c), as all the diffraction peaks can be indexed to the standard pattern of In 2 O 3 (PDF #65-3170)-the doping of Sn 4+ in the lattice of In 2 O 3 gives rise to a small shi towards high angles for all the diffraction peaks. 33 The obtained ITO NPs could be easily dispersed in water owing to their hydrophilic surface (see the ESI, Fig. S2 †).…”

“…1c ), as all the diffraction peaks can be indexed to the standard pattern of In 2 O 3 (PDF #65-3170)—the doping of Sn 4+ in the lattice of In 2 O 3 gives rise to a small shift towards high angles for all the diffraction peaks. 33 …”

Scaling-Up of Solution-Processable Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) Nanoparticles as a Hole Transport Layer in Inverted Organic Photovoltaics

“…The most intense reflections in the XRD patterns, marked by a symbol, are attributed to the ITO film [54,55]. Despite the fact that WO 3 is not detected by XRD, the characteristic Raman band associated with the O-W-O stretching modes [53] is still present around 800 cm −1 , as visible in Figure 4 where the micro-Raman spectra of regions of the clean sample surface/surface with agglomerates are respectively shown in the left and right panel.…”