In situ-grown ZnO particles on g-C3N4 layers: a direct Z-scheme-driven photocatalyst for the degradation of dye and pharmaceutical pollutants under solar irradiation

Gayathri, K.; Teja, Y.N.; Prakash, R. Mithun; Hossain, Md Shahadat; Alsalme, Ali; Sundaravadivel, E.; Sakar, M.

doi:10.1007/s10854-022-07825-6

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…57 Also, the diffraction angle of (002) shifted to higher values with an increase in the refluxing time, suggesting that the distances of restacking GCN sheets were progressively compacted owing to the chemical adsorption between them. 63,127,134,136 Similar changes were observed for doped GCN/ZnO systems. 122 Furthermore, annealing can trigger the interdiffusion of carbon from GCN into ZnO, which leads to the formation of carbon doped ZnO and can distort the host lattice.…”

Section: Evidence For the Heterojunction Formation: Structure−optical...supporting

confidence: 77%

“…On the other hand, the presence of NaOH alongside CTAB resulted in the growth of ZnO-NPs over the GCN surface. 63 Therefore, minor changes in the additive composition as well as the solution pH can deviate the shape directing agent ability of CTAB and alter the morphological evolution of ZnO. The removal of CTAB under the heat treatment can result in the formation of oxygen vacancies in the ZnO.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The removal of CTAB under the heat treatment can result in the formation of oxygen vacancies in the ZnO. 63 In another work, GCN was ultrasonicated with DMF and ZAC was added to the mixture, which was succeeded by the hydrothermal treatment. The GCN has good dispersion in DMF and exfoliates under ultrasonication, which not only provides a high surface area for heterogeneous nucleation for ZnO but also restricts the particle growth dynamics.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C₃N₄/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Kumar¹,

Kavitha²,

Manjunatha³

2023

Energy Fuels

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Heterostructuring the g-C 3 N 4 (GCN) with wide gap oxide photocatalysts is of prominent interest as they can harvest photons spanning the UV−visible region. In this regard, GCN/ZnO have garnered remarkable attention due to their admirable structure, optical, dimensional anisotropy, and electronic properties. The 2D sheet-like structure of GCN can serve as a suitable substrate for the growth of distinct ZnO nanostructures under the multitude of reaction conditions. This review focuses on the progress in the rational design and interface engineering of GCN/ZnO to from Type-II and Z/S-scheme heterojunctions, followed by their relevant photocatalytic applications toward H 2 evolution, CO 2 reduction, pollutant degradation, and bacteria inactivation. The mechanism underlying the crystallization of GCN and ZnO together with their intimate contact in the composite are emphasized under the light of diverse preparation methods. The modification of GCN/ZnO with cocatalysts such as metals, alloy, semiconductors, and carbon materials to form ternary systems to highlight their advancements. The gap analysis and future prospectus of this intricate heterostructure concerning the challenges in synthetic approaches and the charge carrier dynamics are discussed. This review envisages the development of efficient GCN/ZnO-based heterostructures for multiscale applications.

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Section: Evidence For the Heterojunction Formation: Structure−optical...supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Preparation Of the Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of the Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C₃N₄/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Kumar¹,

Kavitha²,

Manjunatha³

2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the samples are displayed in Figure a, which showed a peak at 700 nm corresponding to the radiative recombination of charge carriers in the system. The PL intensity is decreasing with phase evolution from oxide to oxynitride to nitride, which suggests there could be a recombination delay due to the modifications in the band structures . The time-resolved PL spectrum (Figure b) extrapolated by a single-exponential decay function derived by using the maximum entropy method (MEM) is obtained and used to estimate the average lifetime of the carriers, which is found to be ∼3.89, 4.59, and 3.83 ns for TON750, TON850, and TON950, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PL intensity is decreasing with phase evolution from oxide to oxynitride to nitride, which suggests there could be a recombination delay due to the modifications in the band structures. 63 The time-resolved PL spectrum (Figure 8b) extrapolated by a single-exponential decay function derived by using the maximum entropy method (MEM) is obtained and used to estimate the average lifetime of the carriers, which is found to be ∼3.89, 4.59, and 3.83 ns for TON750, TON850, and TON950, respectively. The observed higher lifetime of the carriers in the oxynitride system (TON850) could be attributed to the improved delocalization of excited electrons in the CB facilitated by the metal-like feature of the nitride component.…”

Section: ■ Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Engineering of Titanium Oxynitride System and Its Solar Light-Driven Photocatalytic Dye Degradation, H₂ Generation, and N₂ Fixation Properties

Ravikumar,

Quach,

Urupalli

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In the present work, a phase engineering strategy is explored toward forming a titanium oxynitride (TiO x N y ) phase by nitriding a sol–gel-derived TiO2-based precursor at different nitridation temperatures ranging from 450 °C to 950 °C in an ammonia gas environment. The evolved Ti-oxynitride phase is confirmed using XRD, Rietveld refinement, micro-Raman, and HRTEM lattice fringes analysis. Various physicochemical properties of the Ti-oxynitride phase are investigated in comparison with the Ti-oxide and nitride phases obtained in this study. The XPS analysis of oxynitride phase shows dual +3/+4 oxidation states of Ti, which can be attributed to Ti–N and Ti–O network in the oxynitride system. The optical absorption and band gap energy of Ti-oxynitride are found to be favorably altered, compared to the typical Ti-oxides, which are attributed to the plasmonic material-like feature of Ti-nitride phase in the system. From the time-resolved photoluminescence spectra, lifetime of the excited carriers in oxide, nitride, and oxynitride systems is estimated to be ∼3.89, 3.83, and 4.59 ns, respectively, which ascribed to the Ohmic-interface-driven improved electron delocalization in oxynitride phase and corroborated with various photoelectrochemical analysis using voltammetry (cyclic and linear sweep), impedance, and photocurrent measurements. The photocatalytic dye degradation (expressed as a percentage), H2 evolution (in units of μmol g–1 h–1) and NH3 formation (in units of μmol g–1 h–1) over the developed Ti-oxynitride system (∼91–96/1278.2/215) is found to be improved compared to the sole oxide (∼85–88/458.6/102) and nitride (∼79–77/619.32/174) systems. The UV–visible light to H2 conversion efficiency of the developed oxynitride system is estimated to be ∼2.55%. The manifested improved photocatalytic efficiency of oxynitride could be attributed to the synergy of oxide-nitride phases facilitating the effective light harvesting properties via plasmonic features and inter/intratransfer of charge carriers in the system via Ohmic contacts, which eventually promote the multifacet redox reactions toward various photocatalytic applications, as demonstrated in this study.

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Heterojunction Engineering of g‐C₃N₄ with CuO for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance

Joseph,

Haridas,

Remello

2024

Energy Tech

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While g‐C3N4 gains increasing attention as a polymeric semiconductor material for photo(electrochemical)applications, various strategies are deployed for enhancing the performance of g‐C3N4, among which heterojunction engineering remains the most preferred due to its high simplicity and efficiency. This work uses a facile wet impregnation to obtain a synergistic g‐C3N4/CuO heterojunction with reduced interfacial resistance. Maximum performance is exhibited at a CuO loading of 5% (by weight). The photocatalytic efficiency can be established by assessing ciprofloxacin degradation under visible light irradiation. A photocurrent density of −3.5 mA cm−2 at −0.67 V is observed when the material is used as a photocathode in a neutral medium, and integration with g‐C3N4 can address the stability issues associated with bare CuO photocathodes.

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In situ-grown ZnO particles on g-C3N4 layers: a direct Z-scheme-driven photocatalyst for the degradation of dye and pharmaceutical pollutants under solar irradiation

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C₃N₄/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C₃N₄/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Phase Engineering of Titanium Oxynitride System and Its Solar Light-Driven Photocatalytic Dye Degradation, H₂ Generation, and N₂ Fixation Properties

Heterojunction Engineering of g‐C₃N₄ with CuO for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance

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In situ-grown ZnO particles on g-C3N4 layers: a direct Z-scheme-driven photocatalyst for the degradation of dye and pharmaceutical pollutants under solar irradiation

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C3N4/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C3N4/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Phase Engineering of Titanium Oxynitride System and Its Solar Light-Driven Photocatalytic Dye Degradation, H2 Generation, and N2 Fixation Properties

Heterojunction Engineering of g‐C3N4 with CuO for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance

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Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C₃N₄/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Review and Perspective on Rational Design and Interface Engineering of g-C₃N₄/ZnO: From Type-II to Step-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Applications

Phase Engineering of Titanium Oxynitride System and Its Solar Light-Driven Photocatalytic Dye Degradation, H₂ Generation, and N₂ Fixation Properties

Heterojunction Engineering of g‐C₃N₄ with CuO for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance