In situ generation of polyaniline in poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks

Murugesan, Suresh; Sur, Gil Soo; Beaucage, Gregory; Mark, J. E.

doi:10.1007/s11201-005-6243-0

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For elastomeric polymers, considerable reinforcement can be obtained by generating a reinforcing filler in the polymeric matrix using the sol–gel approach because of the nature of the in situ precipitation which generates well‐dispersed particles having a strong interaction with the matrix. Mark and co‐workers8–10 used the sol–gel hydrolysis–condensation technique for the in situ generation of reinforcing silica, titania and zirconia within polydimethylsiloxane by accurate control of the required water of hydrolysis from the air and generating the required catalyst in situ from a tin salt. Well‐dispersed particles, good reinforcement and improved thermal stability as well as transparency were obtained in all cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Messori

Bignotti

Santis

et al. 2009

Polymer International

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BACKGROUND: The reinforcement of elastomers by the addition of fillers is one of the most important aspects in rubber science and technology. In order to optimise the filler–polymer interface, innovative in situ generation of silica within isoprene rubber was carried out by means of a bottom‐up approach through a sol–gel process starting from tetraethoxysilane as silica precursor. The main aim was the study of the effect of the silica concentration and of the presence of coupling agent on the morphology and the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the composites. RESULTS: The in situ generated silica particles were homogeneously dispersed in the vulcanised rubber with dimensions from a few nanometres to the submicrometre scale. In the presence of coupling agent a good polymer–filler adhesion was observed. The dynamic mechanical behaviour was nonlinear for silica contents higher than 20 wt%. In this range of compositions silica exerted a marked reinforcement on the low‐amplitude storage modulus, which is related to the silica content according to the Huber–Vilgis model. CONCLUSION: Isoprene rubber can be effectively reinforced by the in situ generation of silica for silica contents higher than 20 wt%, and the interaction at the silica–rubber interface can be optimised by using suitable coupling agents. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Messori

Bignotti

Santis

et al. 2009

Polymer International

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“…LogðIÞ ¼ aLogðVÞ þ LogðGÞ where I, V, and G are the current, voltage, and conductance (G ¼ r x area=thick-ness) of the sample, respectively [66,67]. The results of these measurements are summarized in Table 4.…”

Section: DC Electrical Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Texture of Intrinsic Conductive Poly(styrene-co-maleanilic Acid) Grafted with Polyaniline: Formation and Conductivity

Arafa

Fares

Obeidat

et al. 2011

International Journal of Polymeric Materials

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Intrinsically conducting polyaniline is grafted onto a preformed poly(styrene-comaleanilic acid) copolymer backbone via chemical oxidative coupling of aniline in acidified chloroform=water emulsion. The structure and textural morphology of the grafted poly(S-co-MA-g-PANI) are examined by different spectroscopic, thermal, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The d.c. electrical conductivity of the grafted emeraldine base of the obtained materials displays a d.c. conductivity of the order of 10 À7 -10 À9 Scm À1 , which is $2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the reported PANI-EB homopolymer. This enhancement in d.c. conductivity is explained in terms of microstructure-electronic conductivity relationship.

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“…Although studies on the Fe 3 O 4 particles formation have been markedly advanced by the strenuous efforts of numerous researchers [13][14][15][16][17][18], the preparation and formation of ultrafine Fe 3 O 4 particles with narrow size distribution still remain as an open area for target drug therapy and medical imaging [19][20][21]. Previous studies have shown that metal ions have a tendency to form ionic clusters in a polymer matrix and exist as microphases that are separated by the hydrophobic portions of the polymers [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe₃O₄ Ultrafine Particles with Narrow Size Distribution from Polymer-Metal Complex Gels

2003

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Although studies on the Fe 3 O 4 magnetic particle formation have been markedly advanced by the strenuous efforts of numerous researchers, the preparation and formation of ultrafine Fe 3 O 4 particles with narrow size distribution still remain as an open area due to their broad applications, especially in biomedical fields such as target drug delivery and medical imaging. A new method for the titled template-mediated synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 ultrafine magnetite particles (several tens of nanometers) with narrow size distribution from a polymer matrix has been investigated. Hydrazine hydrate was used as a reducing agent to prepare the poly(itaconic acidco-acrylic acid) gel-supported iron metallic nanoclusters, which served as nuclei, and were later transferred into ultrafine iron oxide powders in NaOH base solution. The morphology, particle size, structure and magnetic properties, as well as the formation of the particles with narrow size distribution, were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, laser light scattering, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, as well as magnetic measurements, respectively. It was revealed that the Fe 3 O 4 ultrafine particles prepared from the Fe 3+ -poly(itaconic acid-co-acrylic acid) complex gel system kept narrow size distribution, which originated from the oxidation and aggregation growth of the primary particles, and the metallic iron nanoclusters would act as " templates" in the later magnetite particles growth stage. This new attempt of template-mineralization of Fe 3 O 4 ultrafine particles in our preparation was proved to be effective for preparing template-mediated ultrafine magnetite particles with narrow size distribution quickly, which could also be used to prepare other kinds of inorganic particles.

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In situ generation of polyaniline in poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Two-Dimensional Texture of Intrinsic Conductive Poly(styrene-co-maleanilic Acid) Grafted with Polyaniline: Formation and Conductivity

Fe₃O₄ Ultrafine Particles with Narrow Size Distribution from Polymer-Metal Complex Gels

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In situ generation of polyaniline in poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Two-Dimensional Texture of Intrinsic Conductive Poly(styrene-co-maleanilic Acid) Grafted with Polyaniline: Formation and Conductivity

Fe3O4 Ultrafine Particles with Narrow Size Distribution from Polymer-Metal Complex Gels

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Fe₃O₄ Ultrafine Particles with Narrow Size Distribution from Polymer-Metal Complex Gels