In-situ generating highly efficient sites for multifunctional water splitting/Zn-air battery over hierarchically architectured Fe2Ni3 nanoalloy/N-incorporated carbon matrix

Catalytic aerobic oxidation of lignin-based vanillyl alcohol under base–free conditions over an efficient and reusable LaFeO3 perovskite for vanillin production

“…62 In Fig. 8b, the peak located at ∼710 eV was characteristic of the mixed valence states of Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ , 63 indicating the formation of oxygen vacancies and the segregated phases of La and Fe to maintain electrical neutrality. This is because oxygen atoms can escape from LaFeO 3 , so oxygen vacancies are easily formed after calcination.…”

A comprehensive review of cathode materials for Na–air batteries

“…The cathode is a bifunctional catalyst with a porous structure, while the separator is immersed in the organic electrolyte to prevent shortcircuiting. 39 In early Na-air batteries, carbonate-based electrolytes were used, but the superoxide anion (O 2 À ) would nucleophilically attack the C atoms within the CH 2 group, resulting in by-products such as sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ). 28,40 At present, ethers are often chosen as electrolyte solvents, and these include dimethyl ether (DME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME).…”

Ni3Fe/Ni3Fe(OOH)x dynamically coupled on wood-derived nitrogen doped carbon as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

“…The electronic effect between Fe and Ni optimizes the adsorption and conversion of the active intermediates and electron transfer for boosting excellent activity toward OER. 28,29 Furthermore, the dynamical generation of hydroxides or oxyhydroxides from the surface of Fe- and Ni-based catalysts under alkaline conditions at appropriate potential hold the promise as active species for improving the catalytic activity toward effective OER. 30,31 Based on the above analysis, bimetallic catalysts have the potential to serve the construction of bifunctional active sites with high efficiency by introducing more active sites onto a suitable partner or another active matter.…”