In Situ Formation of MoO<sub>3</sub> in PEDOT:PSS Matrix: A Facile Way to Produce a Smooth and Less Hygroscopic Hole Transport Layer for Highly Stable Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Shao, Shuyan; Liu, Jian; Bergqvist, Jonas; Shi, Shengwei; Veit, Clemens; Würfel, Uli; Xie, Zhiyuan; Zhang, Fengling

doi:10.1002/aenm.201200609

Cited by 125 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…[57] NaOH was employed to adjust the pH of the PEDOT:PSS solution. [60] Using the less hygroscopic MoO 3 -PEDOT:PSS instead of the strongly hygroscopic PEDOT:PSS film as the AIL, the device stability was considerably improved, so that the PCE remained at 80% of its original value when the device was stored in ambient air in the dark for 10 d. Furthermore, NiO x doped PEDOT:PSS was also prepared to improve the stability of the inverted OSC devices. However, the addition of NaOH (strong base) caused a dedoping process between PSS and PEDOT, which reduced the W F of the PEDOT:PSS interlayer, thereby limiting the practical use of this method.…”

Section: (3) Introducing Optical Effects To Enhance Light-trapping Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Hou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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With appropriate charge transport layers, one can rationally engineer the driving force, which generally refers to the built-in electric field in devices, so that electrons and holes can be effectively extracted to their respective electrodes, and thereby maximize the efficiency of OSCs. [4] There are two main types of charge transport materials that are commonly used in OSCs: anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials for hole collection and electron transport layer (ETL) materials for electron collection. However, at present, the development of AIL materials is comparatively lagging, as compared to ETL materials. For ETL materials, many materials, such as low-work-function metal, [5] small-molecule organic compounds, [6] nonconjugated and conjugated polymers, [7] and transition metal oxides (TMO), [8] have been proven effective in improving the electron collection efficiency in OSCs. In sharp contrast, only a few materials, such as poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [9] and MoO 3 , [10] have been extensively used as AILs in OSCs. Generally, the AIL serves two functions: 1) Improving the selectivity and efficiency of hole transport and collection. First, by using AILs, the work function (W F ) of the anode can be effectively enhanced, which helps to construct a built-in electric field in the device with the combination of a low-W F cathode. The built-in electric field provides the fundamental driving force that transfers holes to the anode, where the holes are subsequently collected (Figure 1a). [11] Second, with the modification of the AILs, the W F of the anode can be enhanced to be higher than the positive integer charge-transfer state (E ICT + ) of the donor, in which case the Fermi-level pinning to the E ICT + level occurs to reduce the hole collection barrier at the anode interface (Figure 1b). [12] Third, AILs should effectively block the electrons, reducing the charge recombination at the interface. [13] 2) Improving the physical contact between the anodes and the active layers. With the modification of AILs, the hydrophilic surface of anodes can be changed, which enhances the wettability and film quality of the active layers deposited on the anode surfaces. Moreover, the anode surface can be smoothed by an AIL to passivate surface defects and pinholes, which decreases the leakage current of the OSC devices. To efficiently realize the above functions, AIL materials should possess several characteristics, including a high W F value, exceptional optical transparency, excellent hole In recent years, solution-processed conjugated polymers have been extensively used as anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their excellent film-forming property and low-temperature processing advantages. In this review, the authors focus on the recent advances in conjugated polymers as AIL materials in OSCs. Several of the main classes of solution-processable conjugated polymers, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline, polyt...

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Section: (3) Introducing Optical Effects To Enhance Light-trapping Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Hou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…During the past decades of development of organic electronic devices including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), [1][2][3][4] organic solar cells (OSCs), [5][6][7][8] organic field effect transistors (OFETs) 9,10 and polymer solar cells (PSCs) [11][12][13] , hole transport materials (HTMs), also called p-type materials, played indispensable roles and had been pursued with great interest of chemistry scientists. One of the most widely employed HTM is poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonic acid) PEDOT:PSS which modify indium-tin oxide (ITO) anode with good performances, [14][15][16] however, it is known that PEDOT:PSS could corrode ITO at elevated temperatures due to its highly acidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient hole transport material based on PEDOT dispersed with lignosulfonate: preparation, characterization and performance in polymer solar cells

Hong

2015

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…The device architecture and the energy levels of the component materials are shown in Figure 3 a,b, respectively. [ 12,44,45 ] The PCEs of devices with NiO x HTLs was ca. The devices with NiO x HTLs exhibit an impressive average PCE of 6.23% and a record champion PCE of 6.42%.…”

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Low‐Temperature Combustion‐Synthesized Nickel Oxide Thin Films as Hole‐Transport Interlayers for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices

Bai

Cao

Jin

et al. 2013

Advanced Energy Materials

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A method to deposit NiOx thin films by employing combustion reactions is reported and a low processing temperature of 175 °C is demonstrated. The resulting NiOx films exhibit high work functions, excellent optical transparency, and flat surface features. The NiOx thin films are employed as hole‐transport interlayers in organic solar cells and polymer light‐emitting diodes, exhibiting superior electrical properties.

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In Situ Formation of MoO₃ in PEDOT:PSS Matrix: A Facile Way to Produce a Smooth and Less Hygroscopic Hole Transport Layer for Highly Stable Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 125 publications

References 45 publications

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

An efficient hole transport material based on PEDOT dispersed with lignosulfonate: preparation, characterization and performance in polymer solar cells

Low‐Temperature Combustion‐Synthesized Nickel Oxide Thin Films as Hole‐Transport Interlayers for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices

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In Situ Formation of MoO3 in PEDOT:PSS Matrix: A Facile Way to Produce a Smooth and Less Hygroscopic Hole Transport Layer for Highly Stable Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 125 publications

References 45 publications

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

An efficient hole transport material based on PEDOT dispersed with lignosulfonate: preparation, characterization and performance in polymer solar cells

Low‐Temperature Combustion‐Synthesized Nickel Oxide Thin Films as Hole‐Transport Interlayers for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices

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In Situ Formation of MoO₃ in PEDOT:PSS Matrix: A Facile Way to Produce a Smooth and Less Hygroscopic Hole Transport Layer for Highly Stable Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells